Ethical Production of Clothing Rana Plaza factory †Free Samples

Question: Discuss aboout the Ethical Production of Clothing Rana Plaza factory. Answer: This essay demonstrates the ethical production of clothing in relation to the collapse of a building collapse of a Rana Plaza factory in the year 2013.It demonstrates a critical explanation about how the common good is challenged or negated by this issue locally or globally. It also explains a few ways to address these challenges in relation with the Common Good and its relationship to other CST principles. The garment industry has been recognized as one of the biggest and the largest export industries. The workers employed here are paid minimum wages and contracts that are flexible and are stopped without giving them any prior notice. The workers working in a textile and garment factories are not given proper facilities and resources. They do not have power in their hand and feel isolated most of the times (Chowdhury et al., 2014). A lot of developing countries such as India and Thailand, the workers are often employed to work in unregulated conditions. They have a pressure to cut the cost of production and labor to improve their profit margins. There are workers who manufacture garments from their home to provide it to customers and local markets. These workers feel isolated and experience invisibility. In Bangladesh, the garment industry is one of the most important bread- earner for the country (Foo, Lim, 2016). A large number of workers in the country are women and they manufactur e garments from home. They receive very low wages and are also not given any extra monetary benefit of working overtime. These workers are also not given any sick leave or paid holidays. Around 80,000 safety hazards were found after inspection in 1106 factories in Bangladesh in the year 2014 (Mezzadri Srivastava,2015).Common good has been negated by this issue on a local as well as global scale as the workers recieve very low wages and face safety issues. There are several principles of Catholic Social teaching such as the dignity of the human person, Common good and community, Option for the poor, Rights and responsibilities, and economic justice which is the most important principle among all others. Dignity of the human person is the most important principles among all the CST principles. The main objective of this principle is to respect the dignity of each and every human being(Moreno-Salamanca, Mel,2015).Each human being is a creation of God and he has his own rights when they are employed in a particular organization. They should be provided proper resources and the location of the factory should be appropriate. The workers in a garment factory should be provided a safe and a proper working environment in order to ensure their rights. The government should make sure that they monitor properly after granting permits for the construction of buildings (Shumi et al.,2015). The companies do not mention their location to prevent che cking from the authorities that the clothing is being manufactured in a safe working environment or not. Common good and community refers to the fact that an individual realizes his or her basic rights and dignity when he is in a relationship with other individuals living in a community. A proper growth and development of an individual occurs in a community. The dignity of workers in a garment industry can be protected and realized by his employer when there is bond of understanding and trust between them (Moreno-Salamanca, Mel,2015). Option for the poor demonstrates the discrimination that is made on the basis of caste, creed, religion and particularly socioeconomic status of the workers who are employed in a garment industry. It is crucial for the owners to respect their efforts which would play a significant role in achieving a common good. They should provide special attention to the working class which will help in the development of a healthier work environment. The poor class should not be discriminated from others as they are the backbone of the garment factory (Mel, 2015). Rights and responsibilities represent the fact that it is important to protect the rights of human being which would in turn protect the dignity of the workers who are employed. Every individual has the right to freedom of choice and the right to life such as proper clothing, food shelter health care services, employment, and education. There are a few ways that can be incorporated in order to address the challengeof garment workers such as their minimum wage should be increased.Advocacy and community engagement can play a vital role in solving the miserable condition of garment workers in bangladesh.Consumers and shareholders should help the workers so that they do not face any issues.Social activist groups should hold these factories liable for miserable conditions of the workers and violation of laws in the country(Mel, 2015).Common people should organize campaigns and protest against the owners of these factory who do not provide proper facilities and resources to their workers. They should be provided proper facilities and resources from the garment owners so that they are able to perform in an effective manner. The garment workers should be organized and increase their power to bargain. This will improve the pathetic situation of the garment workers (Heath Mobarak, 2015).They should be treated with respect an d compassion. The garment owners should help them in every possible manner and should not pressurize them work in intolerable situations. They should be provided monetary help such as loans and proper health care facilities from the government authorities. A large number of garment manufacturers do not pay their workers on time. The government should take strict actions against them as they also need money for their living and to take care of their family members. The workers who work from home have to pay the cost of production such as purchase of machines, maintenance of equipments, thread, needles and electricity to operate their sewing machines. The entire fashion industry depends on copying bigger brands so these issues should be resolved.The garment owners should provide these facilities to the workers working from home so that they can face any monetary pressure and can lead a life of happiness and satisfaction (Sikhdar, Sarkar, Sadeka, 2014). References Chowdhury, R., Harshfield, E., Roy, S., Flora, M. S., Akram, K. A., Bhuiya, A., Ahsan, H. (2014). Life, health, and safety of industrial workers in bangladesh: should they be driven by economic rationale or moral imperative?.Journal of occupational and environmental medicine,56(4), e12-e13. Foo, G. H., Lim, L. Y. (2016). 9 Poverty, Ideology and Women Export Factory.Women, Poverty and Ideology in Asia: Contradictory Pressures, Uneasy Resolutions, 212. Heath, R., Mobarak, A. M. (2015). Manufacturing growth and the lives of Bangladeshi women.Journal of Development Economics,115, 1-15. Mel, D. (2015). Virtues, values, and principles in Catholic social teaching. InHandbook of Virtue Ethics in Business and Management(pp. 1-13). Springer Netherlands. Mezzadri, A., Srivastava, R. (2015). Labour regimes in the Indian garment sector: capital-labour relations, social reproduction and labour standards in the National Capital Region. Moreno-Salamanca, A., Mel, D. (2015). Virtues and Principles in Managing People in the Organization.Handbook of Virtue Ethics in Business and Management, 1-11. Shumi, S. A. B. R. I. N. A., Zuidgeest, M. H. P., Martinez, J. A., Efroymson, D., van Maarseveen, M. F. A. M. (2015). Understanding the relationship between walkability and quality-of-life of women garment workers in Dhaka, Bangladesh.Applied Research in Quality of Life,10(2), 263-287. Sikhdar, M. H., Sarkar, S. K., Sadeka, S. (2014). Socio-Economic Conditions of the Female Garment Workers in the Capital City of Bangladesh.International Journal of Humanities and Social Science,4(3), 173-179.

What Are the English I Staar Essay Samples?

What Are the English I Staar Essay Samples?You have just completed your English I Staear Essay Sample online course. You are very happy with it and very content. You have completed your first assignment and that was easy as pie! And then it dawned on you, what are the rest of these courses?That is when you found out that there are other English essays which you can do in order to learn more about the world in which you live. The thing is, you must do them as well. So here comes the good news. There are various English essays that you can complete online. Here is a quick guide to English I Staear Essay samples.Grammar - Most writing materials are completely structured to cover grammar rules and a few vocabulary words. You must keep an eye on these rules or else you might find yourself all alone in the dark when the time comes to write a paper on the subject. This means that you need to check your grammar and knowledge of the English language in order to excel in this area. There are a lso English grammar books available in the market.Spelling - Speaking and writing in English is also important, especially when the paper will be presented to your supervisor and/or the university. So you need to have excellent spelling skills if you want to be able to get a good job after you graduate. English I Staear Essay samples include workbooks for spelling and composition.Writing - This is where you will learn the basics of English writing, such as narrative style, dialogue, article, and use of vocabulary words. These are covered in the English I Staear Essay sample. Once you complete the Essay, you will know the various vocabulary words in English. They are very easy to master. You can choose the package that you like best.Opinion - As most of us have no special interest in literature, we must learn the basics of English literature if we want to know the subject more thoroughly. This is what the English I Staar Essay samples will teach you. All of these are essential if you want to make your topic more informative. You must follow the guidelines to be able to complete your essay in the most pleasing manner. Many online English I Staar Essay samples include writing assignments.It does not matter if you prefer to complete English I Staar Essay samples in the comfort of your home or even the office, your choice is good. As you continue to study the English subject, you will become fluent in this language. What is more, you will know the basic English Grammar.

The chorus refers to Romeo and Juliet as star-crossed lovers. Do you agree with this view Essay Example

The chorus refers to Romeo and Juliet as star-crossed lovers. Do you agree with this view Essay The play Romeo and Juliet begins with a prolonged outlining of the plot and ending of the play very blatantly. This is very unusual way to start a play by modern standards but in Shakespeares era starting a play in this way was not uncommon and was used very effectively. The prologue outlines the whole play in fourteen short lines. Informing the readers of the feud between the families and the situations of Romeo and Juliet and their fate.In the opening passage Romeo and Juliet are described as star-crossed lovers, this means they are doomed to failure or ill fated. The nature of the conflict is also reviewed in this chorus using simple descriptive terms; ancient grudge simply reveals the timescale of the problems between the families; fatal loins shows in a very graphic way how the feud is revolved around parents and which family people are born into, nothing else is considered.This chorus summarises the whole play in five lines, although it is very hard to write a successful play w hen the outcome is told at the beginning Shakespeare manages to keep the audience interested throughout even though they are informed of how the play ends before it even starts. This approach towards the start of a play showed to audiences that they were going to witness a tragedy, society in the time of Shakespeare loved destruction and unhappy endings. Notice the last word of this quotation, Shakespeare shows discreetly how strong the bond is between the two lovers; he says they are one life.Where civil blood makes civil hands unclean.This line shows obviously and simply that both families are from the same town but it is also implied in using the same word to describe the families that they are equals.Throughout the play, which takes place over only a few days, the two lovers meet, fall in love, marry in secret and die so that they can be with each other. The two die to be together because they belong to feuding families who would never let them see each other. There are many Thi ngs against the pair that make them doomed; all they have is their love of each other, and two people who understand their love and want to see them happy. The only people who see beyond the conflict and see the two as individuals instead of members of two different families.One of the major factors going against them is the long-lived feud between there two families.Romeo, the love I bear thee can affordno better term than this thou art a villain.This quotation is an example of the conflict between the families, Tybalt makes this statement to Romeo simply because Romeo and some of the other Montagues attended a Capulet party. The families hatred of each other has been passed down for so long that no one knows how the feud started, all that is known is that it exists and is very evident in the Verona society, this plays a big part in the failure of Romeo and Juliets attempt to live happily together in the midst of all this discomfort. The language in this quotation is very clever a s it states that even when Tybalt tries to love Romeo and find good in him the best description he can conjure is that of Romeo being a villain.Another problem faced by Romeo and Juliet is the attempts of their parents to arrange eligible matches for them, Juliet is arranged to marry Paris after she has secretly married Romeo, this is what causes her to fake her won death in order to be with her one true love. Montague and Lady Montague are expecting a relationship between Romeo and Rosaline. Society expects them to marry this variety of people associated with there own families and because the pair are both members of such powerful families it is hard for them to shake off these expectations.The gallant, young, and noble gentleman,The county Paris, at St Peters church,Shall happily make thee a joyful bride.The above quotation is the revelation of one of Romeo and Juliets greatest problems, the threat of being forced to commit bigamy moves closer to Juliet putting more pressure on h er to make a decision than in any previous point in the play. What seems unusual when comparing marriage arrangements to today is that Juliet is not asked of her opinion on marrying Paris, she is told and not allowed to think for herself, she will be a joyful bride whether she likes it or not.A problem facing the pair they brought on themselves is the secretiveness. Their relationship can never proceed well if it is all undercover of the outside world and both Romeos and Juliets families. The only people they have to confide in are the nurse and Friar Lawrence. And even these two people cannot both be trusted, in Scene Five she attempts to persuade Juliet into committing bigamy and marrying Paris.O hes a lovely gentleman.Romeos a dishclout to him;In this quotation the nurse is very insensitive towards Juliet, criticising her husband and comparing him to another man. In Juliets eyes no man alive compares to her Romeo, the nurse does not see how strong this bond is and so thinks Julie t should ignore it and get on with her life as a Capulet while Romeo is banished and heartbroken. Another side to the nurse is seen in this scene, an insensitive side that sees things in a very shallow way. She does not see the power of their love and how it must overcome all obstacles to succeed, even if death is one of these obstacles, it must be tackled. Being betrayed by one of her few trustworthy friends must be very emotionally crippling for Juliet.Another problem facing the couple of which is totally their own fault is their foolishness. They are young, in love and irrational; evidence of this is presented when Romeo kills Tybalt. It jeopardized his whole life and was partly responsible for suicide of the lovers. Although the argument that Romeo committed this deed in a fit of rage at the killing of his best friends is a valid one, he does have time to contemplate his reaction to his friends murder. He decides to chase Tybalt and slay him, this is a very unintelligent decisio n. It does no bring back his friend, it threatens his life and his marriage, banishment should be considered as lucky.This but begins the woe others must end.In this quotation Romeo makes clear he will not let Tybalt go, he will take the law into his own hands. He is foolish because there were many witnesses to the murder and Tybalt would have been punished heavily for his deeds. They feel there love is strong enough to overcome anything that stands in their way; they are overconfident and thus irrational.I imagine that this would be a very powerful scene in the play, with an extremely calm serious tone coming from Romeo, contrasted with the shouts and panic of the crowd nursing to the body of Romeos best friend.The power of their love is also shown when Romeo slays Tybalt in Act Three; even in the murder of her cousin Juliet does not even consider saying a bad word about her husband. She loves him so much she simply mourns the death of her cousin pinning no blame on Romeo,My deares t cousin, and my dearer lord?The quotation above uses comparative language to show the reader how greatly Juliet regard her lover, even when he murders her dearest cousin he is still placed higher in her heart. Although she still regards him highly and does not reconsider her love for Juliet she does sense the scale of what he has done.Beautiful tyrant, fiend angelical,This quotation shows how through his fault she can still see the good in Romeo, this use of positive and negative together really emphasizes how the killer is viewed in Juliets heart, notice that the positive thought is left until the end, leaving it fresh in the mind. This quotation would have been acted out very emotionally to get the right message across, Juliet would be saying this very loud and suggestively, as if trying to contact help from God.Coincidence also plays a deciding role in the fate of the pair, although it seems like a small incident and is not accounted for greatly in the text; the failure of the m essenger reaching Romeo in Mantua is the sole reason for him killing himself when he sees Juliet in her state of unreal death. The whole play would have turned differently if this had not occurred. The coincidence in the play is presented in a very subtle way probably designed for the audience member not even to note its significance.Juliets feelings of inescapability are shown through in Act three Scene five when she is forced to marry Paris, she knows she has no way of escaping her parents and so she tells them she will take her won life if this wedding is not at least postponed. This though does not discourage her father from making the arrangements.Delay this marriage for a month, a weekOr if you do not, make the bridal bedIn that dim monument where Tybalt lies.The language of this quotation is very strong and precise, it shows that Juliet is not bluffing to her father, she will commit this act if forced to marry, is also shows that on top of her love problems she is still mourn ing her cousin Tybalt. The fact that the pair are born into hatred also adds to the sense of inescapability, they cannot escape there family history, they are born into hatred.Romeo and Juliets situation could have probably been avoided if only they knew the family backgrounds of one another before they fell in love. If it were not love at first sight they would have been sensible enough to move on in life and forget about each other.The main culprit for them being star-crossed and doomed in that of fate. However hard they try to make there marriage work it never can, something always goes wrong; they have no control over there lives. This makes all the other evidence seem irrelevant but this evidence is the work of fate in the play. This is how everything goes wrong for the two and they fail to succeed.After reviewing all the evidence I have come to the obvious conclusion that yes, the chorus is right to state them as star crossed lovers, all they have in there favour is love and f riendship. Everyone bar two people and everything is against them, they cannot do anything right and they end up taking there own lives to be together.Some good does come from these deaths though, it makes the families see how petty this feud is and it brings peace into Verona after hundreds of years of conflict. The two lovers are martyrs to the family Capulet and Montague; they must die to keep the peace.

The 9 Free Email Marketing Templates You Need to Execute Everything - CoSchedule Blog

The 9 Free Email Marketing Templates You Need to Execute Everything Blog Email marketing is complex. From planning to execution to measurement, there are tons of things you need to build an effective strategy. Even producing one piece of email content requires several steps. Here’s a short list of line items to create an email newsletter: Ideation. Writing subject lines. Customizing preheader text. Crafting body copy. Design. Adding tracking codes. Editing and review. Selecting email list segments. Scheduling delivery time. Hitting send. Reviewing performance data. Reporting. That’s quite a number of things to take into account, and this is for just one piece. So, it’s a good thing you’ve found this post. In order to help you work as efficiently and effectively as possible, it includes a roundup of nine email marketing templates and other posts you need to learn how to use each one. Plus, it also covers other tools (free and paid), resources, and templates you can use to get everything you need to get  done. The 9 Free Email Marketing Templates You Need to Execute Everything by @Ben_Which Templates Does This Post Include? There’s something here for every step of the process, from planning, to execution, to measurement. Here’s everything you’ll find in the free bundle below: Table of Contents Email Marketing Calendar Template Email Marketing Strategy Template Email Newsletter Template Email Marketing Report Template Email Subject Line Writing Templates Email Subject Line A/B Test Template Welcome Email Newsletter Template 21 Ways to Build an Email List (Guide) Best Email Send Times Guide Download them now, then get the low-down on how to use them. Email Marketing Calendar Template Plan your work, then work your plan. That’s a common mantra heard around the office. There’s a good reason for that, too. It’s easier to work efficiently toward meaningful goals when you’re not frantically scrambling. The best way to plan email marketing is on a calendar. Here are some of the benefits behind using one: Being intentional about what you send. They keep deadlines visible to all team members. Managing delivery times and scheduling. Without a calendar, email marketing often descends into chaos. So, with this template, you can organize: Send dates and times. Email owners. Email type. Target / persona. Source. Buying season. Email list. Lead stories and email content. Here's what you can do with an email marketing calendar:It’s a simple spreadsheet that’s easy to update, too. There are three rows for each month, but it’s easy to edit if you need to plan more emails per month. Start with your send date and time, who’s creating this email, which category it falls under, and which persona or customer segment it targets: Next, fill in the source (which might be a blog post, campaign brief, or anywhere else to find more information about the content this email will promote), buying season (if seasonal buying cycles are relevant), and the name of the email list segment that should receive the email: Finally, list which pieces of content the email will promote. These could be headlines, general ideas, or anything else that’s helpful for indicating each type of content that will be dropped into the newsletter: Recommended Reading: The Best Email Marketing Calendar You Need to Manage Marketing Newsletters Email Marketing Strategy Template Without a strategy, you’re just winging it, and hoping for the best. It’s tough to achieve much  success that way. Even harder to sustain it, too. So, why risk failure when you plan to succeed? While hitting your goals is never guaranteed, developing a sound strategy is an essential starting point. Any type of marketing strategy effectively revolves around four ideas: Who are you trying to reach? How will you try to reach them? What do you want them to do? How will you measure results? Documenting your strategy can dramatically improve your results, too. For evidence, a study found marketers with documented strategies were 538% more likely to be successful. Using the PowerPoint-based template in this post, you’ll start by identifying your target audience: Next, you’ll figure out ways to build your email list: That list will then need to be broken into specific audience segments: Then, you’ll plan your execution and schedule: And what you’ll measure to gauge success: Recommended Reading: The Best Way to Organize an Effective Email Marketing Strategy Email Newsletter Template Your email copy needs to be clean, crisp, and persuasive. It also helps to keep your content organized and easy to edit. Handing off a Word doc to an editor is easier for review purposes than immediately writing directly into an email editor. This template includes everything you need to document the following: Subject line options. Preheader text. Intro copy. Lead story content blocks. Call to action. Those are all the elements included in most email newsletters, but since the template is a simple Word doc, it’s easy enough to edit to fit your needs. Recommended Reading: How to Create Awesome Internal Company Newsletters That Actually Get Read Email Marketing Report Template Marketing without measurement is a fool’s errand. You need to know which actions produced which results. More than this, though, you also need to be able to explain how you made an impact to your company and your clients. If you can make that data look appealing and easy to understand, so much the better. That’s what this template is intended to help you achieve. It’s a well-designed PowerPoint deck that makes it easy to present data and numbers in a way that isn’t super dry. Recommended Reading: Email Marketing Analytics: How to Measure and Report on the Most Important Metrics Email Subject Line Template Without a good subject line, nothing else in your email matters. However, writing them well is easier said than done. If you need a spark of inspiration, these fill-in the-blank templates should help: Then, you can score your subject lines using ’s free Email Subject Line Tester: Recommended Reading: Everything You Need to Know About Writing Awesome Email Subject Lines Email Subject Line A/B Testing Template Now, writing subject lines is an art. One of the best ways to improve your skills is to A/B test subject lines. Over time, this will help you understand what works best with your audience. Most email service providers have built-in A/B testing functionality: MailChimp Campaign Monitor ActiveCampaign Constant Contact Then, use the template to track your results: Recommended Reading: How to Make an Email Newsletter Your Customers Love Welcome Email Newsletter Template What’s the first thing your new subscribers see when they sign up for your email newsletter? If it’s not a well-written welcome email, you might be missing out on an opportunity to retain more subscribers, and convert more customers. With this template, you’ll be able to craft effective welcome copy that makes a warm introduction. To put it to full use, check out Scott Cohen’s blog post on writing them, and follow the great examples curated by Michael Quoc in this post, too. Email List Building Guide Before you can succeed with email marketing, you need to have a list. After all, without recipients, an email newsletter is worth much. But, how do you start building a list? Fortunately, there are tons of ways to start building email contacts before you have a list going. And that’s exactly what this brief PDF guide will help you get started with. Recommended Reading: 21+ Easy Ways to Build an Email List That Will Skyrocket By 140% in a Year Best Email Send Times (Guide) Every time you send an email, you want to make sure you’ve optimized every variable to tilt the odds of success in your favor. One simple factor you can control is your email delivery times. According to curated data from 10 different studies, here are the best days to send email: And the best times: So, this is what curated research shows. But, how do you determine what works best for you? That’s where this free PDF guide comes in, included in your template bundle. It’ll walk you through how to use your own data, to help determine your own email schedule: Recommended Reading: What 10 Studies Say About the Best Time to Send Email Other Places to Find Email Templates So far, you’ve seen all the templates the team has built to make email marketing easier. But, what if you need something that’s not listed here? Don’t worry, check out these other resources. Campaign Monitor If you’re a Campaign Monitor customer, they’ve made tons of templates available that you can use to quickly create your email newsletter. Envato Templates for MailChimp MailChimp is massively popular, and lots of third parties have built templates that work on the platform. ActiveCampaign ActiveCampaign offers a robust marketing automation platform that includes an effective email platform. If you’re a customer, you may have seen their complete lineup of templates, too: Theme Forest Constant Contact customers aren’t left out here, either. The folks at ThemeForest have several paid templates available for the platform (as well as others): Recommended Reading: The Best Email Marketing Sending Frequency Backed By 20 Studies 3 Sources for HTML Email Templates Modern email marketing platforms make it easy to create marketing emails without needing to learn code. But, what if you’re old-school and prefer hard-coded HTML? There are plenty of sources to find helpful templates for you, too. Raw HTML emails do still offer some advantages some marketers like, such as design flexibility and editability. If this type of template is what you’re after, check out the following places. ColorLib Making HTML emails mobile-friendly and responsive can be tough. These 25 templates, frameworks, and layouts meet both of those criteria. Litmus The team at Litmus knows email marketing inside and out. Naturally, they have an array of templates available for creating different types of email content. What’s great about theirs is how they’re organized by industry and use case: HTMLEmail.io These HTML email templates are compatible with most major email service providers, and they’re responsive too. Keep in mind they aren’t free, though ($49 for a single client license, or $299 for an unlimited license). The lineup of compatible ESPs these templates work with includes several familiar logos: Recommended Reading: Get Inspired Now With 21 Examples of Awesome Email Marketing Keep Email Marketing Organized With Before you go, take a minute to check out . It’s an industry-favorite marketing calendar platform, and it now integrates with popular email service providers  to keep all your email marketing organized (alongside all your other projects). With , you can: Integrate your marketing calendar with your email service provider: See deadlines and publish dates for every email: Add email content on your calendar and get visibility into everything, all in one place. Manage your email marketing process: With Task Templates and Discussion Threads, you can easily collaborate with your team and manage workflows more productively. Start your free trial now and get 14 days free. Go Put Your Templates to Use Now that you have tons of different resources available, it’s time to get down to work. Here’s a quick recap of what you’ve just read: You’ve downloaded your free template bundle. Then, you’ve gotten a brief summary on each post explaining how to use each one. Finally, you took a look at other sources for more templates you might need. Hopefully, this will all help make doing better email marketing, easier. Best of luck.

International Business Article Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

International Business Article - Essay Example t needs to be solved that what should Brazil do to save the natural environment and also maintain sovereignty over the exploitation of its natural resources. The best and possible to this will be systematic deforestation. Timber for construction is extremely important. But with systematic deforestation trees can be cut down in patches or partially cut down. This may hamper the economic activity by slowing it down but in the long run the industries will get habitual. Also a reforestation procedure should be implemented simultaneously so that in the long run the natural habitat of the Amazon rainforest may be retained. Another effective solution would be that Brazil can yet exploit the resources in a more sustainable way. Organizations have portrayed that medicinal plants, fruits, gum, chocolate and rubber can be harvested sustainably without much harm to the habitat. Also this has much economic value than the timber and cattle grazing. In this way Brazil will also be able to maintain sovereignty over its

Creativity and innovation management I'm witness Essay

Creativity and innovation management I'm witness - Essay Example r hand a large number of people believe in order to run a new business successfully the individual needs to have a highly creative mind that is capable of imagining without any boundaries. Amabile (2012) have mentioned that creativity defines a person’s ability to generate new ideas or concepts that can pertinently solve relevant problems and can offer competitive advantage to the orgazanitions. An employee with high creative intellect allows the firms to develop innovative product or services development and can also introduce new marketing strategies which have not been tried before. (Covin and Slevin, 1991) also added that in term of organizational success of a new firm, creativity is perhaps the biggest predicator. The increasing competiveness in the global business market has led the organizations to adopt first mover advantage so that they can offer products and services which have not yet been offered before and marketing or branding strategies that have not been tried before. This as a result allows the organizations to offer unique customer experiences thereby increasing their competitive advantage. Achieving competitive advantage is quite important fo r the new emerging business to overcome the barriers to entry created by the existing well established firms. Duxbury (2012) mentioned from a theoretical perspective that creative thinking can emerge depending on different types of characteristics of the personality of the individuals. The types of characteristics have been indentified which are responsible for the creating thinking are, intrinsic motivation, domain oriented skills and creativity oriented cognitive process. The intrinsic motivation allows an individual to pursue a particular venture for his own interest. This type of personality is critical to creative nature of an individual; it creates a strong sense of necessity within the individual, which forms the basis of the creative process. It allows the individual to stay persistent in tough

Global governance play in globalisation

Global governance play in globalisation Globalization is seen as a universal change in the lives of people either positively or negatively. In this essay I will start by defining globalization from different perspectives. As in the argument of some critics, globalization has benefits as well as limitations, Therefore it is necessary to look at those advantages and shortcomings. Another important aspect is the theory of international relations and globalization. Each of this theory emphasise on power but has different notions to its meaning. However, exercising power via globalization is seen as a challenge in the international relations theories today. Furthermore, institutions of global governance play different role in globalization as to what they are specialized in and known for. Majority of these institutions are determined to achieve their roles despite challenges. These institutions are so vast that they cannot be exhausted. Therefore, in this essay I will focus on the United Nations Organization. It is an institution with several agencies. These agencies are not liable to the United Nations Organization in terms their subsequent activities. But they are seen as part of the United Nations. Therefore, role that these agencies play in globalization is what i will also discuss in this essay. Moreover, the Millennium Declaration determined to achieve to ten objectives by 2015.The principal objective is halving rural poverty by 2015 and globalization is seen as a tool to which they will achieve their aim. How they intend carrying out this task is what i will also discuss in this essay. That is strategies used and how it was implemented .Finally, this essay will be concluded by summarising the whole point and To start with, globalization, as argued in John Baylis and Steve Smith (2001:14), is defined in five different ways, as internationalization which connotes the coexistence and reliance on two or more countries.Another is liberalization defined as the freedom of trade without governments restriction.Universalization which can be understood as the disperse of knowledge to the world.Westernization is portrayed as the American opinion of implementing globalization and lastly Deterrritorialization is observed as exchange for geography that is territorial area, distance and boarders. Furthermore, globalization can also be understood as the intensification of social worldwide relations that connect localities from distant in a way that the happenings in the locals are modified by events occurring at distance of miles away and vice versa. In other words, it is a process of amalgamating peoples of the world into a unified state.(John Baylis and Steve Smith 2001:15) In sum, globalisation can be defined as an economic, social, and political developed world that has effect on the peoples and societies mostly in the underdeveloped and third world. These latter world has benefited positively and negatively from the events initiated by the developed world. Such benefits includes communication that is the world wide web, radio transmission, satellite communication, television communication, global newspapers, which has made communication easy and flexible for people..Also the global franchise Pepsi, Guinness, Pizza Hut and the global economy as well as global disease such as AIDS, Kidney Failure, Cancer ,Etc. They are all features of globalisation. John Baylis and Steve Smith (2001:14-16) However, as argued in John Baylis and Steve Smith (2001:19), globalisation has advantages and disadvantages In term of its benefit to the world .It has made the ease of communication stress less and affordable. For instance internet access allows instant message rather that posting which take more than twenty four hours. Also the electronic mass media communication such as radio, television, telephone communication etc has allowed easy access to information and as well as relating to people within and far away. The economy system is seen as a benefit in globalization, Trade and finance are expanding. Foreign currencies like the US dollar, in Euro, Yen, are use all over the world international and in the local countries to purchase goods .Global culture allows interrelation among people from different part of the world to appreciate one and the others culture and religious which avoids ethnic and religious crisis. Moreover, in the argument of John Baylis and Steve Smith (2001:19).Though globalisation has benefitted the world in enormous ways there are limitations to what it posses. Globalisation seems to be limited to the world it was invented. Other societies that are not in the developed world are still back dated in terms of communication, economy and culture. This is as a result where ethnic and religious crises are still very common. Furthermore, it is also argued that there are limited companies from different part of the world in the international trade economy where different countries merge as a company to trade internationally, but these are rather done within a particular country. That is the global economy trade, investment as well as financial flow which are within three continents Europe, North America and Asia.(John Baylis and Steve Smith 2001: However, in the international relations theory globalization does not represent a transformation of the international system. It represents an adaptation of the means through which international interactions are exercised, combined with an increase in the number and types of actors. Therefore, one can know that globalization exist and matters as part of the structure of international relation because of the effects that it produces. A close look at these effects demonstrates that globalization is neither as independent nor causal phenomenon. Rather, globalization is best understood as a technology facilitated proliferation of the means through which power within the international system is channelled and pursued. What makes globalization a new, and essential, component of the contemporary international security are the increasingly complex conditions under which international actors exercise power. (security Dialogue 2004: 11) The classical approach to the study of international relations, realism, focuses on the nation-state as a barrier between the international system and the domestic sphere of politics. Domestic politics are seen as separated from the international system, which is characterised as anarchy or the absence of order. Realists focus on the nation-state especially the military and economic capabilities and seek to maximize power toward this end. (Security Dialogue 2004: 11) State must ensure that they can provide for their military and economic safety, and they cannot count on the goodwill of others. Institutions such as international law and formal international organizations might be useful as tools but they are not to be relied upon for security guarantees. (Mearsheimer: 1995). To realists, globalization reflects the hegemonic influence of the major powers in international politics. Realists tend to see proximity creating vulnenerability, which leads to conflict (Waltz, 1979: Measheimer, 2001) It is therefore argued that globalization, is more complicated than the realist theory alone can account for. That is if globalization is measured as the acceleration of transboundary communication, international networks, the diffusion of power, reciprocity and mutual dependence, and the expansion of universal norms and principles, a different conclusion about contemporary international politics emerges. This trend combined with the proliferation of non state actors such as the formal international organization, nongovernmental organization, and multinational cooperation to alter the playing field of international relations.(Security Dialogue 2004 :12) Neoliberal institution focuses on the unique conditions of globalization that reflect accelerating interdependence and its impact on how state perceive their interests(Keohane, 2002).In a condition of complex interdependence, state will recognize a mutual demand for cooperation, and new actors will emerge that affect international agenda setting while power becomes more diffused. Traditional measurement of power such as military capabilities will become less valuable to states as they prioritize long term benefits from cooperation over short term tactical advantages(Keohane and Nye, 2001) In recognizing a state based interest in collectively managing a globalized world, states seeks to reduce coordination problems, to establish agreed principles, norms, rules and decision making procedures, to facilitate transparency, to increase the capacity for bargaining and issue-linkage ,to enhance socialization toward an international community, and to lower the transaction costs of collective action.(security dialogue 2004:12) Another major school of international relations theory, constructivism, draws on social theory of human interaction and posits that the structure and content of international relation are the by-products of social interaction (Wendt, 1994). In this sense, not all states are alike, rather states reflect the social structures around which their peoples coalesce. Just as the domestic content of politics and culture shapes the identity of nation state, so does the nation state simultaneously shape the international environment (Wendt, 1999). The major paradigms of international relations provide an important basis for examining the relationship between globalization and security. Realists demonstrate that power matters and that there remain some key common goods that only the nation state can supply though realist are challenged to think harder about hoe power matters and how best to understand the new realities of global politics(Brown, 1998). The neoliberal institutionalist school shows that international system is increasingly complex and that states alone cannot fully provide for their own security. Neoliberals are, nevertheless, challenged to demonstrate exactly how cooperation can best be achieved Constructivist remind observers that inter-national relations are a battle not just power, interests, and agenda setting but also of ideas. The importance of material economic gains and hegemony only have meaning in so far as they are ideas given to people and societies. Consequently, people and societies have power to se ek positive or negative change for the future of globalization.(security dialogue:13) From these theoretical approaches to international relations, it is possible to delineate between the risk and opportunities that globalization provides for security provision. Realism suggests that globalization will breed suspicion, vulnerability conflict because the more interdependent people and state become, the more insecure they will be(Waltz:1979)Realism also suggests that the content of globalization reflects the relative distribution of power and favours the dominant international actors.(Security dialogue 2004: Alternatively, neoliberal institutionalism proceeds from basic optimism that managing globalization requires multilateral cooperation and states will define their quest for power in terms of mutual gains. Constructivist help observers recall the importance of identity and reinforce the fact that, while states matter, so does culture.(Huntington) These major theories of international relations share an emphasis on the role of power though each comes to different conclusions as to its meaning and consequences. Each analytical approach helps students, scholars, and policy makers to understand that the quest for power holds within it the potential for both security and insecurity, for both war and peace. Understanding the new means of excercing power via globalization is thus one of the most fundamental challenges for international relations theory today (Security Dialogue 2004:13) However, the institutions of global governance play several roles in globalization. The United Nations organization is one of other institutions with several agencies. Therefore, since the United Nations comprises of several agencies. These agencies are not liable to the United Nation in terms of the cabinet or congress.. They are independent of their roles. They are divided into separate regions which include, The United Nations Programme and Office, United Nations Regional Commission, United Nations Specialised agencies, and the Related Organization. However, the United Nations Programme and Office has the largest number of agencies in which few will be mentioned as well as the role they play in globalization. They are International Trade Center, United Nations ProgrammeHIV/AIDS,United Nations Childrens Fund, United Nations Development Fund for Women, United Nations Development Programme, United Nations Environment Programme, United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights, United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees, United Nations Human Settlements Programme, United Nations Institute for Disarmament Research, United Nations Institute for Training and Research, United Nations Interregional Crime and Justice Research Institute, United Nations Office for Project Services, United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime, United Nations Population Fund, United Nations Relief and Works Agency for Palestine, just to mention a few.(United Nations today 2008:12) The United Nations Development Fund for women is an organization fighting for women rights in all perspective. It protest against discrimination, violence, gender inequality and propose women right to inheritance, work, voice etc. Its main role includes ending violence against women which is a situation to prevent women from being molested, rape, or beaten up as well as trafficked across borders. In achieving this they work across multiple levels and sectors as well as including men as partners in enhancing community ownership. The agency is also trying to eradicate the spread of HIV/AIDS among women, in collaboration with the National AIDS Council and Ministries which ensures women access to drugs in order to continue to live healthy.(United Nations Development Funds: 1-5) The United Nations Childrens Funds is an organization mainly for children globally. This agency ensures that the well being of children are put to check. Its role basically is to prevent a child from violence, discrimination, poverty, diseases and so on. In achieving their aim they work in collaboration with other agencies like the Global Movement for Children which is dedicated to improving the life of every child as well as promoting education, equal right for children, and prevent the spread of disease.(United Nation Children Funds 2008:1) In the United Nations High commission for Refugee, which is a global organization that has its headquarters in continents like Africa, Asia, Europe, America etc. It ensures that the well being of individual are protected locally and internationally. They include the refugees, men, women, older people, asylum seekers etc. As part of their role they raise funds from different organization like the None Governmental organization, Private sectors, Individual Citizens, and also in collaboration with the United Nations for certain amount of humanitarian funding. This helps in terms of achieving their goals. They respond to emergency worldwide where there exists internal war, earthquakes etc. They also see to the right of asylum seekers are observed and not overlooked.(United Nations High commission for Refugee 2001-2009) The United Nations population Fund is an organization that ensure the well being as well the rights of individual are protected. Her role involves alleviation of global poverty, prevention of diseases such as HIV/AIDS, equal opportunity among citizens of the country, and healthy living. They also ensure abortion is put to stop and save every birth. They also assist countries in the collection of data and population analysis which enable government of a country to take account of the need of future generations, as well as the present. Ensure gender equality among both sex in which women has a major role in which involves good education and health. This enables families, communities as well as the countries benefits from. (United Nations Population Funds: 2008) The United Nations Development Programmes is a global agency under the United Nations. They assist citizens of different countries in building a better life. They also help to build and share solution to the challenge of democratic governance for instance on the 17th of November 2009 they supported the government of Bangladesh to sustain and build on the achievements of the last decade and to remain on track to achieve the Millennium Development Goals, also eradication of poverty, and preventing crisis recovery as well as HIV/AIDS.(UNDP) World food Programme is a global organization whose role involve fighting against hunger world wide, saving the lives of victims at war, civil conflicts and natural disasters. It is a voluntary funded organization and also part of the United Nations. They also work in collaboration with the Food Agriculture Organization (FAO), International Fund for Agricultural Development as well as Non Governmental Organization. Their main aim is to save lives and protect livelihood in emergencies, prepare for emergency, restore and rebuild lives, reduce hunger as well as to strengthen the capacity of countries to reduce hunger (World Food Programme: 2009) Another group of agencies under the United Nation is the specialised agencies, which includes, the international Labour Organization, International Monetary Fund, Food and Agricultural Organization, International Maritime Organization, United Nations Educational ,Scientific and cultural Organization, World Health organization, International Telecommunication Union, World Intellectual Property Organization, World Tourism Organization, among others. The International Labour Organization promote right to work, encourage decent employment opportunities, enhance social protection and strengthen dialogue in handling work related issues The organization helps in the creation of decent jobs. It is a global body responsible for drawing up and overseeing international labour standards as well as working with its member state which includes: Albania, Algeria, Angola, Azerbaijan, Bah ran, Belgium, Bolivia, Canada, Chad, Columbia, the Congo, Ghana, Greece, Lebanon, Kuwait, Liberia, just to mention a few. To the International Labour Organization Poverty eradication is by ensuring that employment is available to all. (International Labour Organization: 1996-2009) The United Nations Educational Scientific and Cultural organization is designed to promote international cooperation among its member states and six associates members in the field of education, science, culture and communication. Its role is to ensure and observe human rights, mutual respect as well as poverty eradication (UNESCO: 1995-2009). The international telecommunication Union is an information and communication organization where both the governments and the private sectors enhance networks and services. Its role has been global use of the radio spectrum, promotion of international cooperation in assigning satellite orbit. It address the issue of global challenges which is the climate change as well as enhancing cyber security This agency organise worldwide, regional exhibition and forums, such as the International Telecommunication World, as well as linking together representatives of governments and the telecommunications including international telecommunication Industry to have exchange of ideas, knowledge, and technology for the benefit of the global community and in particular the developing world (ITU: 2009) The related organizations include, International Atomic Energy Agency, Organization for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons, Preparatory committee for the Nuclear Test-Ban Treaty Organization, and World Trade Organization. The International Atomic Energy Agency is a worlds atomic peace organization. They are in collaboration with their member states as well as other partners globally in order to ensure safety, security, and peaceful nuclear technology. It is an independent international organization related to the United Nations system. These relationships are regulated by special agreement. Their role is to ensure that safe nuclear materials and activities are not used for military purpose. As part of its role, it helps countries in enhancing nuclear safety and security and to prepare for and respond to emergency as well as mobilizing peaceful applications of nuclear science and technology (IAEA 2003-2009) The organization in charge of prohibition of chemical weapon is body responsible for carrying out chemical weapons convention. It has been given the task to achieving its objectives. This is to making sure that the provision and that of international verification is carried out. The destruction of chemical weapons is seen as the conventions highest budget. The proceeds from the state-of-art technology is its major source income in destroying chemical weapons and minimizing the risk of people and the environment at every level and that of transportation and supply of ammunitions.States protect their citizens because of these dreadful and dangerous weapons. They now concentrate on the practical use of chemical weapons for peaceful and capacity buildings. Program funded by member state is also given aid in order for the organization to improve the implementation of chemical weapons to all for peaceful purpose and restricting its prohibition. (OPWC) The United Nations main role is to ensure that the well being of the people are under control. Also to prevent wars among states, and the need of people are met globally especially in the underdeveloped world . As in the argument in John Baylis and Steve Smith (2001:332). Poverty is seen as a global issue not just in the underdeveloped world. As in the argument of Ruth Lister (2004:1) deep poverty is not just a phenomenon of the global South but exists also within the affluent North. Therefore, another major aspect in this essay is the role of United Nations as an institution of global governance and the impact of globalization to reduce rural poverty? The Millennium Declaration summit of which 191 countries are members, made rural poverty reduction as their main objective to be met by the year 2015.The Secretary General of this Summit lay emphasis on globalization as the tool that will be used in order to meet the need of the poor.(United Nation :2001).Therefore, in achieving their aim the role of the United Nations as well as other agencies are of great importance. Suggestions in admitting other agencies were acknowledge and approved by the ACC in October 2001.which was formulated by the United Nations Development Group. Among these agencies are the UNFPA, United Nation Childrens Education Fund (UNICEF) United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD) United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) World Health Organization (WHO), UNCDP, UNESCO, just to mention a few. As in the argument of the (United Nations: 2001). Furthermore, it is argued that United Nations Programme in addressing the issue of poverty reduction is a challenging issue. Agencies mentioned above had roles to play in one way or the other. Though, some role could be of major benefit than the other. As the suggestion made by the Millennium Declaration Goals that globalization is a means or tool in fighting against rural poverty is to be met therefore, globalization based good and services, financial economic, social as well as global public goods should be seen as benefits in the rural poor through enhanced governance system .(United Nations 2001:10) Moreover, the United Nations major role as an impact of globalization in poverty reduction is argued to be guided in three different levels. These levels includes: the international, regional and the local level. They are said to be in cooperation with one and the other. It is further argued that each of this level has important role to play in actualizing the aim of the programme, which is the coming together of the United Nations, the Private and public sectors the civil society as well as the poverty group(United Nations: Some of the plans established in accelerating globalization/poverty reduction will focus on improve Governance correlating with PRSPs and UNDAF; an institution to reform and liberalize market programmes for the welfare and protection of the poor. Linked programme for a national ICTD with greater focus on satisfying issues and bringing together the rural and urban. Exporting of crops in the rural area by enhancing its information system. Establish a procedure that will add value in rural production. United Nations: Among the programmes set up for local poverty reduction are the local awareness programme on availability of goods and services for rural poverty reduction. Establishment of interest point for the community, aid for local governance and splitting into various offices to attend to different poverty groups to global public goods- health, education etc.The quickening of Information Communication Development Technology (ICTD) for various poverty groups will create awareness and tools for information sharing device tools, improve agricultural tools and move to improve productivity akin to socially sensitive local globalization /poverty reduction programme.(United Nations: The procedure of UN system in dealing with globalization and alleviation of poverty at all levels is on ground and can be used to determine the strategy for the new globalization/poverty alleviation model. The procedures considered range from providing an avenue for debate and discussion that include the intergovernmental processes, expert group meetings; open debate, meetings prepared for major global summits (prepcoms) and various events like the joint session with the G-77, South-South forum. These are primarily arranged through the UN secretariat (especially UNDESA), funds and programme (especially UNDP) and a special agency (especially World Bank Group) which is part of their activities and provide the most important contribution of the UN system to views and approaches emerging. The extent of debate at which globalization rural poverty reduction is discussed varies and depends on the nature of the division and agency.(United Nations: The UN pays little attention to particular issues on globalization as a factor in rural poverty reduction despite the much discussion on globalization. Another branch is the research studies, statistics and seminars in different publications. The UN provides an enormous technical studies and relevant statistics to almost all the branches of globalization- poverty reduction debate. With the exception of examples given below- the mission of rural poverty alleviation is almost neglected. Other worth mentioning body in this regard are the UN research system and Training Institute that include INSTRAW (rural women and globalization); UNITAR (Globalization issues on how UN system will cope); UNRISD (social impact of globalization) have all produced much important studies to the globalization/poverty reduction debate. Nevertheless, defining the cause in stance on globalization and rural poverty reduction has been defeated by the UN plan with the exception of the World Bank, UNCTAD and UNDP- but still focus on the wider globalization agenda. This view however, is of significant to developing an assiduous approach and adopting a more socially, acceptable and human form of globalization that will build specific provisions for the nations exempted through different mechanisms such as the WTO, trade negotiations, finance for development, PRSPs etc. Field level operation of Funds, Progarammes and Specialized Agencies. These have many parts covering many forms of intervention that can always target poverty alleviation. The traditional areas include: Country project activities to yield capacity building, Seminars, Workshops Fellowship Infrastructural development The implementation of an organized approach to globalization/poverty alleviation is the UN system policy in the field under the UNDAF system. The World Bank via the PRSPs is helping to coordinate the UN system in the field. Finally, globalization as it is defined is a wide and vast phenomenon that has so much to do and achieve. Considering its characteristics and its functions, it has in one many ways achieve enormously. Moreover, in terms of how the international relations theory and globalization