How and why are American Families changing Essay

Family polishes individuals like in an institution, but the American family is gradually losing the status of an alma mater. The main setback suffered is devaluation and deficient functioning. Devaluation is evident from a decline in its perusal by new generation and deficient functioning due to economic burdens, ethical vacuum and reluctance in offering unsung sacrifices to raise a family. (Benokraitis) Three factors can be ruled out as the primary functionaries in shaping up the current family setup. Firstly, the lack of religious involvement leads to a decline in performance of moral duties. Raising a family is not fun but a responsibility laden task. Without moral pressures, few young minds will take pains to shoulder the burden of acting responsibly. Secondly, devaluation of family as an inspirational medium is also leading the minds to lose interest in it. Economic pressures, social injustices in the first place destabilized families which then gradually lost their own grounds. (Benokraitis) Thirdly a vast, open spouse market does not let many to settle seriously, carry the burdens of family life. Mostly youngsters are falling prey to this. Many with their bad experiences leave the idea of settling ever even before practicing it. (Benokraitis) Thus, we see that even these three factors are intimately interconnected. To revitalize the family institution individuals with their moral, religious, educational, social faults have to be analyzed and corrected. Our parents enjoyed much better coherent family setups. Technologically and educationally they were far behind. However, psychological, emotional development of them was superior to us.

Early Childhood Literacy Proposal Essay

Abstract Research on early childhood literacy pinpoints the early childhood years as the foundational base period for developing the language and literacy skills that are fundamental to a young child’s long term developmental success in reading and writing. This study places theoretical attention on the essential components of literacy that promote and predict the essential emergent literacy development of a child. This efficacious aspect of learning acquisition is critically pertinent for the school readiness of a child in being well read. Findings support and highlight how the acquiring of skills in components of literacy such as phonological awareness, vocabulary and language knowledge, alphabet and sound recognition, print and text comprehension as well as the use of sound instructional practices and strategies among teachers will promote the optimal level of success in early literacy and beyond. Introduction Early childhood literacy is an emphatic, essential, and extensive branch of education that seeks to equip young children with the optimal skills that will cause them to emerge in reading and writing. These foundational skills are critical and predictive of one’s diagnosis of success within these parameters. Research notes that depending on where they start, their experiences in the home, and the curriculum being used in their classroom, many children will leave preschool with early literacy skills that put them on a trajectory to transition successfully to learning to read (Lonigan, Allan, & Lerner, 2011). To signify, the essence of these skills is manifested early in one’s life and is the predecessor of one’s future achievement in literacy. The developmental stage for the actual acquiring of these precursor skills begins in infancy and extends to the primary years. However, it is important to note that for the purpose of this study, early literacy skills will be based on those skills that occur at the preschool ages of 3-4. Then too, within this digest, it is important to note that effective preschool programs are the panels of early education that promote, support, and contribute to the child’s future reading and writing readiness. These factors characterize the role of early childhood programs in promoting children’s early literacy development for later achievement in reading. The acquisition of children’s reading skills was once thought to originate with the start of reading instruction in elementary school, but research now supports the idea that learning to read is a continuous developmental process that emerges early in life (Wilson & Longman, 2009). For this purpose, a study has been proposed to increase the focus on the early years of education as the precursor for later success in literacy and to discover those early literacy skills that foster success in literacy and inform of the assessments and strategies that are the best practices for providing this evidence. The following research question and hypotheses were made declarative or stated as a guide for this proposal: Research question: Does the acquisition of early literacy skills foster future success in literacy? Hypotheses: The acquisition of early literacy skills fosters future success in literacy. Subsequent Hypotheses: 1) Literacy rich environments or settings contribute to a child’s future success in reading. 2) Effective teaching strategies support a child’s development of literacy. These modes and mechanisms form the basis for providing children with an effective curriculum, strategies, techniques, and activities that will empower their knowledge and give them a sound foundation of emergent literacy. The very term emergent literacy is a relatively new one that evolved in response to evidence that literacy development occurs along a continuum that begins long before children actually start formal schooling and long before they acquire conventional literacy skills such as decoding, oral reading, reading comprehension, spelling and writing (Invernizzi, Landrum, Teichman, & Townsend, 2010). To note, the learning phase of literacy for children begins at birth and extends to the preschool phase and beyond. Infants begin to grasp books and take them to caregivers of parents to read. Around the age of two, children begin to recognize favorite books by cover and can memorize and restate some of the words. Between the ages of three and four, children are able to picture read and retell stories as well as manipulate letters and print. At the ages of five and six, children then begin to understand that words have meaning. The emergent skills and abilities that are strong predictors of future progression and succession in later reading and writing outcomes include the following: 1) Phonological Sensitivity- Children begin to hear and understand various sounds and patterns of spoken language. More specifically, these skills begin with listening to sounds and then noticing and discriminating rhyme and alliteration. Afterwards children begin to determine syllables in words by examining onset and rime. Phonological awareness skills generally graduate to advanced phonemic awareness skills and later lay the foundation for the gaining of phonics. They are further progressed and promoted as children sing songs; hear stories, and finger plays or rhymes (Heroman & Jones, 2010). Research has found phonological awareness skills in preschool to be one of the most robust predictors of early reading success in a child’s first few years of formal schooling† (Callaghan & Madelaine, 2012). 2) Print Knowledge- Children’s ability to organize and convey meaning of words through sounds, words, or sentences. The conventions of print that are modeled by teachers and learned by children and that eventually help to bring awareness to the functions of print include providing print rich environments, interacting during story times, watching adults write and read books. 3) Alphabet Knowledge-Children begin to recognize letters and their sounds to printed letters. A child’s knowledge of the alphabet is the single best predictor of first-year reading success (Elliot & Olliff, 2008). Children who are exposed to alphabetic activities and experiences such as reading books that display the alphabet, manipulating magnetic or textured alphabets, playing games that reference the alphabet, as well as singing and saying the alphabet have increased letter knowledge that will eventually promote reading and writing achievement. It was found that knowledge of letter names prior to kindergarten was predictive of reading ability in fifth and tenth grade (Wilson & Lonigan, 2008). 4) Comprehension-Children make meaning of text by being able to process stories they have heard read aloud. They are also provided with language rich activities, directions, and instructions as a way to understand and communicate knowledge. Teachers can promote listening and story comprehension skills by doing the following: * Talk with children frequently throughout the day * Use language that is easy for children to understand * Help children understand language by rephrasing it when necessary * Play listening games * Help children learn to follow and give directions * Read aloud to small groups of children * Prepare children for a reading by taking a â€Å"picture walk† * Show children the pictures as you read. * When reading to children, encourage them to ask questions, make predictions, talk about the story, and connect new ideas with what they already know * Facilitate story retellings (Heroman & Jones, 2010). Review of Related Literature A review of the research literature reveals how early childhood literacy and learning governs the academic research among young children. The use of early literacy assessments as evidence of directly measuring student’s knowledge is examined as the way to understand children’s development in literacy and ascertaining what counts as student learning. The early literacy instruction take the form of isolated activities and skills that could be easily documented, measured, quantified or qualified as the condition for evaluating the prerequisite skills for eventual success in formal reading and writing. Children are assessed on how many alphabets they know; how many sight words they can recognize; how they distinguish individual sounds or phonemes in spoken language; how they make connections between letters and sounds; and how they use language to tell stories and share information as the way to individualize or compare a student’s performance (Casbergue, 2010). Children who are at risk for later reading problems have weaker emergent literacy skills than children not at risk for later reading problems. Several studies examining the predictive validity between emergent literacy skills and later reading skills have found that emergent literacy skills are good indicators of whether a child will have trouble with reading in the early elementary grades. Therefore, it is helpful for teachers to be able to measure accurately those emergent skills to determine who is most at risk for later reading problems and implement  interventions geared toward improving emergent literacy skills with at risk children (Wilson & Lonigan, 2009). Research suggests several programs or assessments that will help teachers in identifying, guiding, and implementing those skills that will cause students to gain early responsiveness in literacy. The article, â€Å"Increased Implementation of Emergent Literacy Screening in Pre-Kindergarten focuses on the findings that emphasize how prekindergarten programs are prevalent for ensuring academic success in literacy. The findings suggest that children who attend a good Pre-K program will more than likely not have reading difficulties in later years. The use of emergent literacy assessments by teachers helps in discussing the specific information about literacy development that will assist the teacher in making informed decisions for meeting instructional goals and objectives. These assessments help the teachers to learn what the student knows or what they need to learn while also addressing the teacher’s instructional methods and modes. It was found that these assessments help in identifying a student’s strengths and targets their weaknesses for advanced instructional literacy needs. PALS-PreK which focuses on the alphabet knowledge, phonological awareness, print concepts, and writing skills of students is the tool that measures the progress of students and helps teachers to assess the knowledge and mastery level of the students. This assessment was used to assess the emergent literacy skills of more than 21,000 students prior to Kindergarten as the way to target their performance. It is an easy to use system that is administered to children individually by the classroom teacher and does not rely on an allotted time for completing the assessment (Invernizzi, Landrum, Teichman, & Townsend, 2010). The Creative Curriculum is an ongoing assessment tool that assesses children using specific objective indicators and predictors of standards that pertain to school readiness and the success of children within the field of literacy. This tool requires that teachers write observations or records of children during naturalistic situations in the classroom or during group time as the most accurate way for measuring the literate success of the child. Children will be required to demonstrate phonological awareness, knowledge of the alphabet and sounds, knowledge of print and emerging writing skills as well as respond to books and other text and will be assessed and placed within a color coded mastery level and will  be assessed throughout the school year (Heroman & Jones, 2010). The article Assessment of Preschool Early Literacy Skills: Linking Children’s Educational Needs with Empirically Supported Instructional Activities, Longman, Allan, & Lerner describe preschool as the critical predictive phase of learning wherein children’s early literacy skills are detected, developed, and directed towards them becoming skilled readers and writers. Longman et al provide a research study that supports the crucial role of teachers in providing children with a strong literacy enriched foundational base wherein there is a rich curriculum that includes the necessary activities that will promote their proficiency in literacy. Substantial evidence points to children’s acquired skills in alphabet knowledge, print, phonology, and oral language attributes to the outgrowth and successful achievement levels in their evolving literacy skills. This article further discussed three methods for determining and evaluating the skills of preschool children. Primary forms of assessment which included informal assessments, screening/progress monitoring, and diagnostic assessments were further investigated as it related to the measurement of children’s developmental goals and gains in correlation to the effectiveness of the teacher’s guided instructions and activities. One valid and reliable assessment that is of particular focus is that of diagnostics assessments. Diagnostic assessments are reliable and valid in that they will identify a child’s strengths within a specific set of skills or discipline and expose mastery of it. Then too, these assessments will measure exactly what they are intended to measure. Longman et al contend, â€Å"The key advantage of diagnostic assessments include in depth examination of specific skill areas, generally high reliability, established validity of the measure, and the ability to compare a specific child’s performance with a known reference group† ( Lonigan, Allan, & Lerner, 2011). The authors provide accurate evidence of children’s progress wherein the tests within the above mentioned literacy areas provided high levels of internal consistency and test retest ability wherein the tests were error free and provided accurate scores. The tests also yielded multiple items within the measure that would further index the child’s developmental level within literacy. A further quasi-experimental research was conducted as to how teachers enhance the early literacy skills of preschool children. The research was conducted during the span of two years and across 20 Head start sites. 750 teachers were selected to participate as 370 classrooms conducted pre and posttest assessments. Student performances were examined in comparison of being taught by teachers with either 1 or 2 years of training and instructional experience. It was found that teachers who were more educated were more effective to the student’s overall achievement of early literacy skills (Landry, Swank, Smith, Assel, & Gunnwig). Even further within the research literature on early childhood literacy is the importance of preschool early intervention in literacy. Researchers have examined phonological awareness skills as being robust skills for later conventional literacy skills. The National Center for Family Literacy (NELP) conducted a meta-analysis of more than 299 studies on children between the ages of birth and five years and recognized phonological awareness as one of the most important determinants of early reading success (Callaghan & Madelaine, 2012). Then too, researchers detail the importance of phonological skills being initially taught in preschool due to the phonological sensitivity of children during this age period. It is estimated that preschool children who have a sound foundation of phonological skills will achieve reading skills during later years. Longitudinal studies have traced the performance early literacy skills of preschoolers and subsequent later grades and determined positive literacy outcomes. Research also places a significant amount of focus on the instructions and strategies that will influence the literacy development of preschoolers. Researchers suggested that preschoolers benefited more from shorter periods of intensive literacy instruction during small group settings within a play based curriculum as opposed to longer periods of instruction. The following chart lists the actual activities or skills that teachers use to promote literacy within the classroom. It lists the frequency of the skills as a way to inform the effectiveness or ineffectiveness of the strategies. Language and Literacy Activities in Center-Based Early Childhood Settings (N = 180) | Variable| % Reporting Often or Always| % Reporting Sometimes| % Reporting Seldom or Never| M| SD| Language and Literacy Promotion Scale (23-items)| -| -| -| 4. 17| 0. 64| 1. Read aloud to children in a group setting. | 78. 3| 16. 7| 5. 0| 4. 24| 0. 90| 2. Read aloud to children individually. | 50. 0| 30. 6| 19. 4| 3. 44| 1. 07| 3. Set aside special time each day to read to children. | 75. 0| 19. 4| 5. 6| 4. 13| 0. 97| 4. Read aloud a variety of books. | 85. 6| 9. 4| 5. 0| 4. 34| 0. 87| 5. Reread favorite books. | 82. 8| 12. 8| 4. 4| 4. 28| 0. 90| 6. Talk about books read together. | 68. 9| 20. 6| 10. 6| 3. 95| 1. 11| 7. Ask children questions about the books. | 74. 4| 17. 8| 7. 8| 4. 10| 1. 06| 8. Provide opportunities for children to look at books and other printed materials on own. | 82. 2| 13. 3| 4. 4| 4. 31| 0. 90| 9. Teach children features of a book. | 58. 3| 21. 1| 20. 6| 3. 65| 1. 25| 10. Teach children that printed letters and words run from left to right and from top to bottom. | 63. 3| 19. 4| 17. 2| 3. 74| 1. 21| 11. Practice saying alphabet with the children. | 93. 3| 5. 0| 1. 7| 4. 60| 0. 68| 12. Teach children to recognize letters of alphabet. | 90. 0| 7. 8| 2. 2| 4. 54| 0. 80| 13. Teach children to distinguish between uppercase and lowercase letters. | 69. 4| 20. 6| 10. 0| 3. 98| 1. 19| 14. Help children learn the sounds each letter can represent. | 78. 9| 12. 2| 8. 9| 4. 23| 1. 09| 15. Teach children to write letters of alphabet. | 71. 7| 17. 2| 11. 1| 4. 05| 1. 15| 16. Help children to write their names. | 74. 4| 16. 1| 9. 4| 4. 10| 1. 13| 17. Help children identify different colors, shapes, and sizes. | 88. 3| 8. 3| 3. 3| 4. 57| 0. 80| 18. Help children learn opposites. | 81. 1| 16. 1| 2. 8| 4. 29| 0. 89| 19. Help children recognize numbers. | 87. 2| 8. 9| 3. 9| 4. 46| 0. 83| 20. Practice counting with the children. | 88. 9| 9. 4| 1. 7| 4. 57| 0. 75| 21. Choose books to read aloud that focus on sounds, rhyming, and alliteration. | 77. 2| 16. 7| 6. 1| 4. 16| 0. 93| 22. Have children sing or say a familiar nursery rhyme or song. | 85. 6| 12. 8| 1. 7| 4. 42| 0. 78| 23. Encourage children to make up new verses of familiar songs or rhymes by changing beginning sounds or words. (Green & Peterson, 2006). | 63. 9| 20. 6| 15. 6| 3. 85| 1. 17| Methodology The writer begins by selecting the type of research which will be conducted which is an evaluation research. Two emergent literacy screening tools for preschool age children are used as measureable tools for identifying the acquisition of children’s emergent literacy skills are the Get Ready to Read Tool (GRTR) and the Individual Growth and Development Indicators (IGDI). The GRTR test has 20 activities that strictly measure phonological and print skills. The children are shown a page with four pictures and asked a question that responds to one of the pictures. At the end of the test the scores are tallied for a final comprehensive score. Children master IGDI test by selecting picture cards that respond to questions about Alliteration and Rhyming, Picture Naming, and Phonological awareness skills. Children are given a flashcard within one of the domains and asked a question and prompted to point to the correct answer. The scores consist of the number of correct answers that were completed within a specified amount of time. Both of these tests were administered in July and October with the consent of the parents of the preschool age children and lasted about 40 minutes (Wilson & Lonigan, 2009). Participants For this study, 21 preschools in Florida participated. The children’s ages ranged from 42 to 55 months. There was an equal distribution of boys and girls. 70% of the children were Caucasian, 19% were African American and 11% were of another ethnicity. Conclusion/Recommendation The IGDI performance test scores were worse than those of the GRTR in terms of concurrent validity and reliability due to some of the children being unable to complete the tests. It was determined that the tests were difficult for the age group and therefore were unreliable. The GRTR was more reliable in that it was geared towards the age of the children. The results of the study were clear in that this screener was better for measuring the emergent literacy skills of preschool children as the evidence for later performance in reading. Researchers, educators, and policy makers are concerned with the quality of literacy programs, the effectiveness of literacy instruction, and the achievement of students with the field of literacy. Finding from this study support how early childhood programs promote language and literacy skills for future success in reading and literacy. References Bright From the Start: Georgia’s Department of Early Care and Learning. http://decal. ga. gov/documents/attachments/content_standards_full. pdf Callaghan, G. , & Madelaine, A. (2012). Leveling the Playing Field for Kindergarten entry: Research Implications for Preschool Early Literacy Instruction. Australasian Journal of Early Childhood, 37, 13-23. Casbergue, R. M. (2010). Assessment and Instruction in Early Childhood Education: Early Literacy as a Microcosm of Shifting Perspectives. 13-20 Elliot, E. M. , & Oliff, C. B. (2008). Developmentally Appropriate Emergent Literacy Activities for Young Children: Adapting the Early Literacy and Learning Model. Early Childhood Education Journal, 35, 551-556. Green, S. D. , & Peterson, R. (2006). Language and Literacy Promotion in Early Childhood Setting: A Survey of Center Based Practices. Early Childhood Research and Practice, 14 (1) Heroman, C. , & Jones, C. (2010). The Creative Curriculum for Preschool: Literacy. Vol. 35, 537-567. Invernizzi, M. , Landrum, T. L. , Teichman, A. , & Townsend, M. (2010). Increased Implementation of Emergent Literacy Screening in Pre-Kindergarten. Early Childhood Education Journal, 37, 437-446. Landry, S. Swank, P. R. , Smith, K. E. , & Assel, M. A. (2006). Enhancing Early Literacy Skills for Preschool Children: Bringing a Professional Development Model to Scale. Journal of Learning Disabilities, 39, 306-324. Longman, C. J. , Allan, N. P. , & Lerner, M. D. (2011). Assessment of Preschool Early Literacy Skills: Linking Children’s Educational Needs with Empirically Supported Instructional Activities. Psychology in the Schools, 48, 488-501.

Management and Society Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 1

Management and Society - Assignment Example Undoubtedly, yes. As Croston states, â€Å"The green business revolution is changing how we live and work to strike a balance between living well today and allowing for future generations to live well tomorrow† (2). The essence of this statement is not a mere promise or a false hope, as the technologies, resources and expertise that we command today have progressed beyond traditional and often ill-informed perceptions to live up to the pledge of safeguarding the planet. Expanding on the critical role that technological advancements and ‘green’ innovations can play in transforming plastic bag usage, I am pleased to put forth the contemporary perspectives in plastic biodegradation. These advancements are not only revolutionizing and modernizing our operations at Big Bags but are also transforming the way the plastics industry can address environmental concerns posed by the factors associated with the degradability of plastic products. Research shows that while the most commonly used plastics such as polyethylene are highly durable, biodegradation of plastic waste by means of specific microbial strains has come into view as a practical and feasible solution (Sivan 422). When discussing the adverse impact of plastic bag usage on the environment and the ecosystems, the foremost stance that has emerged is that of either banning or levying taxes on plastic bags. Furthermore, these proposals are attached with recommendations of replacing plastic bags with paper bags, the latter of which are advertised on the basis of their reusability which acts as a unique selling point to attract customers. Unfortunately, paper bags do not provide a viable and environmentally friendly alternative to plastic bags, Marc Gunther at GreenBiz.com notes that the findings of several recent researches and studies have uncovered that plastic bags are more environmentally preferable than paper bags. This view stems from the fact

Business Profile on Bre Pettis Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Business Profile on Bre Pettis - Coursework Example In 2007 in Vienna he was also an artist-in-residence at Museum-Quartier of the art group named Monochrome. He has also been prominently featured in a documentary film named â€Å"Print the Legend† (Welch). Bre Pettis moved to Seattle at the age of 13. Before Seattle, he lived in Ithaca, New York. He graduated later from the Bellevue High School. He studied mythology, psychology and performing arts at Evergreen State College and was graduated from there in the year 1995. After college, he worked for a brief time as a floor runner and also as a camera assistant on films that were being featured in Prague. Bre Pettis also worked as an assistant for the Creature Shop of Jin Henson in London. He later studied at the Pacific Oak College from where he graduated with a teaching certificate and started working as an art teacher in Seattle Public School from the year 1999 to 2006. Pettis married Koi Stark and they have a daughter together named Nika Stark, who was born on July 8, 2011 (Dale). Pettis started thinking about creating something when he moved to New York in the year 2007. He used to play Frisbee each weekend with 20 people belonging to the technology industry in New York. This is how he met Zach and created NYC Resistor, a famous hackerspace. Zach and Pettis shared tools and they also invested collectively in a laser cutter worth $25,000. It was then that they started talking about creating 3D-printers; they had been hearing about them but never saw any as they were only available to the design firms. They later got involved with a community whose focus was to make 3D printers; a community that had the ability to make their own copies in order to build the foundation of a world without money. It was then that they began making prototypes. Even after working for two years they did not have any 3D-printer that actually worked (Kate). In January 2009 both Zach and  Pettis locked themselves in hackerspace and in a few months created an actual 3D printer.  

Culture, Power, Religion Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Culture, Power, Religion - Essay Example From this paper it is clear that  one of the things that becomes immediately apparent when studying classical culture is that the origin story of each group seemed to be of great significance to them.   It is also of great significance to the people who study classical history, which is why they usually use the date of the Homeric compositions as the origins of classical culture.   This is especially true in the European conception of origins of culture: both the Greeks and the Romans placed enormous significance on their origin stories.   Likewise, both of these cultures had origins stories that featured the same event: the Trojan wars.   The Greeks considered themselves descendents of the people who waged war on Troy, as did the Romans (who argued that they were the children of Aeneas).  This discussion stresses that  the importance of foundational myths, was not simply bound to Europe, but also existed in many other cultures.   The Maya, for instance, had elaborate myths about the destruction and re-creation of the world, which occurred in cycles again and again, and informed an important part of their national character: great interest in the stars and in astrology and astronomy.   Central myths about the origins of a people were central to the thinking and national character of all classical peoples, something that dissolved somewhat in the eras that followed it, as things like religious affiliation became more important to defining the people or a people.... Likewise, both of these cultures had origins stories that featured the same event: the Trojan wars. The Greeks considered themselves descendents of the people who waged war on Troy, as did the Romans (who argued that they were the children of Aeneas). The Romans even composed their own work to complement the Odyssey and the Iliad, the Aeneid, which completed their origin myth as corresponding to that of the Greeks (182). The Greeks and the Romans shared creation myths, and both put a great deal of stock of their national identity into those creation myths. This feature, the importance of foundational myths, was not simply bound to Europe, but also existed in many other cultures. The Maya, for instance, had elaborate myths about the destruction and re-creation of the world, which occurred in cycles again and again, and informed an important part of their national character: great interest in the stars and in astrology and astronomy (293). Central myths about the origins of a people we re central to the thinking and national character of all classical peoples, something that dissolved somewhat in the eras that followed it, as things like religious affiliation became more important to defining the people or a people. Art and architecture likewise appeared very similar across a broad range of classical cultures. As with the case of foundational myths, this is most obvious in the Greeks and the Romans, because the two cultures were so closely linked. The Romans knowingly copied many aspects of Greek culture, and were especially eager to emulate their art and architecture. This artistic emulation took on several forms: for one, the sculpture of the Romans followed the

Case study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 74

Case Study Example Those suffering from mental illness in the rural areas do not access mental health services. The same fate affects those in very remote areas. Members of the local community do not have adequate information on different ways of handling people with multiple mental illnesses. It is significant to have a recovery culture in all institutions that provide all forms of mental health services. Developing the collaborative recovery model plays a crucial role during the training of professionals as it offers them adequate support in all AMHS and NGOs as they work with patients. This takes place through a means that recognises and offers gadgets that give meaningful assistance. Two primary principles guide the development of the recovery culture model. First, the process of recovery is always personalise, exclusive, and constitutes modifying the attitudes, feelings, values, skills, goals, as well as roles. They all progress towards recovery and are measurable when determining the recovery success. The second principle is that working as a team in the process of pursuing recovery enhances the results of the whole process and it is significant for the consumers of the services to cater for their part of the effort in recovery. The recovery model will have four ele ments supported by the available resources referred to as the LifeJET and is important during the strategising process, execution, and follow-ups. Change enforcement. Entails the identification process of the necessary needs that require modification to help in the preparation recovery and the progress of the same by developing commitment and interest and change Follow-up and action. It takes place by recording and evaluating attainment of collaborative goals, level of achievement, and the need for review of intervention efforts that helps to foster accountability. Attained service accountability by

About myself Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

About myself - Essay Example I came all the way from this land to the U.S. in the belief that exploring knowledge via other places away from home is vital to life and in pursuit of English studies as well. Prior to migrating in America, I spent all my early school days in Brazil. I had already taken several interesting courses in college which includes subjects in Math, Health, Psychology, Comp, and CPR. Currently, I am enrolled in History, Chemistry, College Algebra, and the last Comp III. I believe that History is an essential part of the curriculum in order for the class, especially for foreign students like me, to acquire a necessary understanding of the U.S. culture. By taking History, I expect to learn about the period when the Americans fought for their independence against British invasion and matters concerning civil rights movements. Furthermore, I wish to find out how American societies were formed during the 19th century and the manners by which men and women expressed their fashion and attitude at that point in time. Much as I expect ease of comprehension in learning the history of the U.S., I look forward to being able to pass each given test, participate well, and share my views in class to yield a remarkable grade at the end of the

US Criminal Justice-Incarceration Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

US Criminal Justice-Incarceration - Essay Example Locking up the criminals and isolating them from the society would prevent them from committing more crimes. Moreover, incarceration would introduce the criminals to criminal lifestyle, which they would never like to adopt for themselves. However, there are other people who do not agree with these views. They believe that incarceration changes nothing, the prisoners are just â€Å"locked up† and the â€Å"key is thrown away†. According to them, this system does not do enough good to the society. The present essay examines the different approaches in regards of incarceration, analyze the present situation, and provide a viable conclusion at the end. In USA, the policy of criminal justice has been shaped under the guidance of President’s Commission on Law Enforcement and Administration of Justice (1969). According to Samuel Walker, this commission issued a report called â€Å"The Challenge of Crime in a Free Society†, which had ground breaking effects. The report had over two hundred recommendations, which developed a comprehensive approach in fighting and prevention of crime in the United States. This involved a system that required coordination among the courts, law enforcement agencies, and correctional agencies. Incarceration is an important instrument in relation to the activities of the correctional agencies. Actually, incarceration would effectively do the following: However, people who are against incarceration have their own arguments. According to Hide Yamatani and Solveig Spjeldnes, â€Å"The Second Chance Act of 2007 (P.L. 110-199) is a federal recognition that the decades old strategy of locking up the criminals in the name of public safety has been disastrous.† In this context, elimination of racial discrimination and disparity in regards of recidivism among the people who are exposed to the social services during their imprisonment is critical indeed. Hence, â€Å"seamless, intensive, and comprehensive

How to make it illegal for employers not to offer bike racks and Essay

How to make it illegal for employers not to offer bike racks and showers - Essay Example This research will begin with the presentation of the current state of workplace cycling campaign. The major benefit to employers is that healthy employees take fewer sick leaves and are more productive at the workplace. The health of employees is improved because cycling is a form of physical exercise which lowers blood pressure of people, improves weight control and improves the condition of the heart and lungs. Cycling employees are also very alert and they experience lower stress levels. Employees also arrive at work on or in time because cyclists are freed from traffic jams. Staff cycling also lowers direct costs of employers. Employees also travel cheaply using shared bicycles at the workplace; hence savings are made on bus fares, taxi costs and care to hire expenses. The organization also benefits from cheaper parking costs, this is because the cost of parking one car can adequately meet parking costs for more than 10 bicycles. Encouraging cycling also reduces company car expe nses because giving a bicycle and incentives make employees forego company car. Cycling also builds a greener corporate image; this is because companies encouraging staff cycling reduce effects of road congestion and associated air pollution. Employees also benefit from cycling in various ways. Staff cycling lowers the cost of employee travel; this is because the buying price of a bicycle is much less than the buying price of a car, cycling saves car parking fees, and employees incur fewer petrol bills and bus passes.

Case Analysis Essay Example for Free

Case Analysis Essay Strategic Human Resource Management Unit 1 What is Strategic Management, and why is it critical to the success of an organization in meeting its goals and mission? Strategic management is setting priorities and goals within a business. It’s used with upper management to strengthen a company and prepare for future outcomes. Making a product that is highly profitable and easy for customers to use and benefit from is the main focus of Apple, Inc. The organization of Apple, Inc. started in the 1970’s and has been very profitable since. In 1978 they sold the Apple II and made billions of dollars from the product in less than three years. Between 1983 and 1984 Apple, Inc. lost sales and have fell into a crisis because of the slow processor speed and the compatible software. During this time it was hard for the organization due to competition. The problem Apple Inc. was facing at this time is other companies have found easier and faster ways for people to use the different products other than Apple, Inc. , during the 1985-1993 Apple, Inc. turned global, thus making sales up to 1 billion and was the most profitable PC Company in the world. Being able to turn any company global in an organization is very profitable, most people like new products. The beginning of 1993-1997 Apple Inc. starting playing a role in K-12 grade helping out the school systems with education with the product and this helped them out tremendously. By 2008 Apple Inc. started charging premium prices on their product knowing that with their name would be sold all over the nation. They also came out with the iPod roughly selling over 150 of them. This was giving the customer portable music and other exiting things and they still sell to this day. Today Apple, Inc. is one of the top rated organizations for iPhones, iPods, iPads, computer systems and much more. The only problem with Apple, Inc. now in this day in age is the competition. There are a lot more companies that are coming out with the same product just a different name. For example, the Kindle Fire is the same thing as the iPad, just a different name brand. A lot of people are purchasing the competitors product instead of the Apple name brand product. The reason behind this is that people would rather pay $200. 00 dollars for a Kindle Fire verses $500. 0 for the Apple iPad. Apple, Inc. needs to lower prices for their products so more and more people with purchase them. In years to come this is a critical problem that Apple, Inc. faces, to be successful in any organization you have to think like the customers. Majority of the customers are going to try and same money and buy the generic brand verses the name brand product. What Apple needs to do is, if they start seei ng a drop in profit they would need to start lowering prices down to match their main competitors so that more people will purchase their product. One of the main problems in 2013 is Apple iPad verses Amazon Kindle Fire. â€Å"The Amazon Kindle Fire has been called a potential iPad-killer by the media† states (Nations, D). The Amazon Kindle Fire is $199 and can do everything the Apple iPad and do. They are very similar and it’s making the customer purchase the Kindle Fire instead. When looking at both products â€Å"Instead of looking at the Kindle Fire verses the iPad in a direct match up of features, which would be about like comparing a Ford Escort to a Mercedes, (Nations, D). This is a great example of not only just the Amazon Kindle Fire verses Apple iPad, its everyday life. From the groceries that customers buy at the store to clothing lines at a local mall. Everything has a generic name and lower price and most of the top name brands are sold and get good profit but a lot of people are trying to save money for more important things like their children’s college or a vacation for the family, or just trying to get by with bills. So this would be a good example of why the Kindle Fire is being called the iPad-killer, because more likely people will purchase the Kindle for the lower price. Some of the advantages of the Kindle Fire is the low cost and being able to use the amazon app store to purchase games, books, movies and much more. Some advantages of the iPad is it’s faster, has more storage and dual face cameras on the iPad 2. Both of the products use full-color back-lit displays so both of them will have problems in direct sunlight. Both of them are good but the main concern is the price. To stay successful you have to look at your main competitors products and come out with bigger and better things to catch the customer’s eye. With doing this the product needs to be reasonably priced and affordable to the public. Otherwise the customers will go for the cheaper one to save costs. A good example of this is looking deeper into strategic management and why it is important. Strategic management is all about change, and facing challenging situations in the work place. Being able to except the change and work through it, and make important decisions and implement appropriate strategies. Some other examples of strategic management are resource limitations, changing environment, matching competitors, and improved decision making. Resource limitations is being able to deal with limited resources of money. A lot of business go through this and Apple Inc. went through it back in 1983-1984 Apple, Inc. was in a crisis and had to make important changes to make more profit. Matching competitors is very important, a business could go down in profit if other companies come out with a similar product. Improved decision making is very important due to change in a product or being able to come out with a new product. Strategic management is setting priorities and goals within a business. It’s used with upper management to strengthen a company and prepare for future outcomes. References Nations, Daniel, ed. The Amazon Kindle Fire vs the Apple iPad. N. p. , n. d. Web. 5 May 2013. lt;http://ipad. about. com/od/Tablet_Computers_eReaders/a/The-Amazon-Kindle-Fire-Vs-The-Apple-Ipad. htm Sind, M. , amp; Yoffie, D. B. (February, 2008) Apple, Inc. (Case Study) Retrieved from Harvard Business Online website

What Are The Impacts Of Civil Engineering Environmental Sciences Essay

What Are The Impacts Of Civil Engineering Environmental Sciences Essay Discuss the impact of civil engineering on our environment and in particular the extent to which current practice is sustainable into the future. Civil engineering has always had a big impact on our society and environment. Decisions made by the government and private investors are generally money orientated but recently some of the planning and construction of projects has been halted due to the credit crisis. Currently, problems are now being resolved and debts are being paid off. The government and Investors are recently more worried about the environment and how to tackle occurring and future problems. Society is relying on them for plans, improvement and developments to stop civilization from suffering the further effects of global warming. The Earth summit, Kyoto Protocol and Copenhagen conference in 2009 was surrounding the issues on gas emission on global warming and what governments can do together to give society a better chance for the future. With the help of construction projects from eco housing firms, public buildings and private funded structures, this will allow society to be aware of the problems caused by global warming and therefore respond by giving something back to the earth. This report will be based on what the world is doing about global warming, how it is put into action in the United Kingdom and how society can help. World leaders gather for summits and conferences to discuss current issues and affairs that concern the whole nation. Big problems such as fossil fuel crisis, scarcity of water, global warming etcà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ With these concerns addressed, the government can take action and inform the rest of the nation of the crisis we are facing in the near future. Certain nations or countries would not accept or agree with the issues that are addressed because of their economical and financial status. This causes differences and causes other problems to break out. In 1992, more than 100 representatives from all over the world met in Rio de Janeiro for the first international Earth summit. Ref: http://www.un.org/esa/earthsummit/index.html Where Agenda 21 was first heard, the Rio declaration on Environment and Development, the Statement of Forest Principles, the United Nations Framework convention on Climate Change and the United Nations Convention on Biological Diversity. The topics that occurred in the summit were, by replacing fossil fuels with alternative energy and concern of the scarcity of water was brought to the world leaders attention. Ref: http://www.un.org/geninfo/bp/enviro.html Agenda 21 is 300 pages, 40 chapters and 4 categories plan to achieving sustainable development for the 21st century. Ref: http://www.bgci.org/resources/article/0011/ The plan consists of social and economics dimensions includes dealing with poverty, promoting heath etc The conference also included a more relevant topic on conservation and management of resour ces for development which would cover how to combat poverty, stopping or minimizing forestation, controlling the level of pollution, protecting the environment and conserving biodiversity. There are 2 other topics which are strengthening the role of major groups that includes the roles of business workers, women and children. The last topic is means of implementation, which consist of education, science and technology. The most discussed topic that is addressed in the Kyoto Protocol from the United Nations framework Convention on climate change is the conservation and management of resources for development as combating global warming due to the current world affairs. The plan of the Kyoto Protocol is an international treaty for controlling the amount of green house gases that goes into the atmosphere to prevent further damage from global warming. Ref: http://unfccc.int/essential_background/kyoto_protocol/items/1678.php Agenda 21: Earths action plan annotated by Nicholas A. Robinson, International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural resources Between 7th and 18th December 2009 there was a United Nations Climate Change Conference in Copenhagen, the topic that started it off was Climate change: Global Risk, Challenges and Decisions where the most important messages was the climatic trends which is proving that the rate of emission had increased, climate changing dramatically and damages done the ocean and ice sheet. Another key message is social disruption where society is also the main suspect for the recent change in the climate. Another key message was long-term strategy which was implying to reduce intensive radioactivity in order to reduce the harm in global warming. Equity dimensions means to take into consideration the affect of the climate change on society. Another point was inaction is inexcusable which mean climate change will affect everything and what benefit they can gain from it such as job growth, restoration of the ecosystem. Finally the last message is meeting the challenge which means with the increase of emissions, can be overcome by the help of the public and private sector. This is done by allowing the society to have better knowledge of the current status. Ref: http://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2009-03/uoc-cg031209.php The accord of the conference was to endorse the continuation of the Kyoto Protocol, reducing emission form deforestation and needs to enhance removals of greenhouse gas emission by forest etcà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ criticism were not good as no decision was taken on whether to agree a legally binding successor to the Kyoto Protocol, only drafted by 5 countries, no real targets to achieve in emissions reductions and no international approach to technology etcà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ Ref: http://unfccc.int/resource/docs/2009/cop15/eng/l07.pdfThis shows that the COP15 was not successful enough to make a big change, but the knowledge among the public will allow the government to realize how important they take the climate change in this generation and for the next. Large scale constructions in the United Kingdom are owned by private investors or public. It is important for the planning to go accordingly and not dishearten and upset nearby residents or commuters. Housing estates built in the United Kingdom are mostly from private investors, where they have to go thought a long process with the council to determine whether or not they get a planning permission. Houses are producing approximately 30% of all energy consumed and Co2 emissions therefore companies are staring to develop new eco homes, where houses are designed lower carbon emissions or using renewable resources. Companies that have invested in projects have to seriously consider the problems they are going to face regarding environmental issues. As regular problems such as whether the structure or development will fit into the surrounding environment, what sort of structure is being built and considering the neighborhood. A good example of construction and development problem is Falmer stadium near the University of Brighton. As planning permission was give by Brighton and Hove city council, problem aroused from Lewes council as the stadium was planned for construction on the boundary between Brighton and Lewes. The village of Lewes was not happy due to the problems that will occur in the future such as traffic congestion, road blocks, pollution from vehicles and construction pollution. Problems they will be facing should not be brought to a small village. Ref: http://wapedia.mobi/en/Falmer_Stadium The Falmer for all group held a protest during the Liberal democrat meeting in 17th September 2006, as the FFA said that there was more than 5,000 residents of the Lewes district had signed a petition which opposed their councils court action. And a further hearing is scheduled for the 5th and 6th December. Ref: http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/england/southern_counties/5255088.stm Though further debate and decis ions, the government decided to give the go ahead for the construction of Falmer stadium. Work commenced on the 17th December 2008 but the work on the actual stadium is not ready to start until April 2009. It has been said that the Falmer Stadium was one of the longest struggles for a football club to have their own stadium to be built. Ref: http://wapedia.mobi/en/Falmer_Stadium A good example of an eco friendly building is Jubilee library in Brighton, which was finished in 2004 with the overall cost of  £14,500,000. The library was designed to use the natural energy provided by suns light and wind from the south coast. The suns energy is gathered through the glazed wall in winter. The Solar shading and automatically opening vents will reduce solar glare in the summer. Water use is minimized by the collection and reuse of rainwater for toilet flushing. Heat created by equipment in the building is also reused but energy use has been minimized, as the building has a high thermal mass and a solid, heavy structure called Termodeck. Heat is stored in the floor and walls, being released slowly into surrounding areas as part of a low energy release ventilation and heating system. Instead of air conditioning, natural ventilation from sea breeze is released to cools the building, five meter high wind towers on the roof use the breeze to draw excess heat from the su mmer. By using sunlight, both quality of the environment and of reduction of energy consumption, will sustain a good surrounding environment. Ref: http://www.designinglibraries.org.uk/view/index.php?id=434831a73024a The building itself won several prestigious awards for design and good to the environment. In the recent years, society has been looking for houses which will save them money on utility bills and help save the environment from global warming therefore firms like Baufritz, a design and construction company using eco friendly timber framed. It is calculated that a typical house consumes 250 kWh/m^2 whilst Baufritzs consumes 40 kWh/m^2, a typical house uses 25 liters/m^2 of heating oil whilst Baufritz uses 4 liters/m^2 and brick work wall loses 0.45 W/m^2K though thermal transfer to exterior walls when Baufritiz lose 0.16 on a 400mm thick standard energy wall. The energy wall is constructed from an internal wall finish, plasterboard made from natural gypsum or other requested finish, natural plasterboard with protective shield against external high frequency radiation and low frequency electric fields, building paper to improve air tightness of wall, timber frame with fulfill cavity insulation made from wood shavings, wood fiberboard and external timber cladding with ventilat ed cavity. Ref: http://www.baufritz.co.uk/why_ecology.asp#diagram This concludes that world leaders are doing everything they can to come up with a solution for the concerning problem regarding global warming. Summits and conference are making a difference but not fast enough as Global warming has been an issue for the last 20 years. Although we are making slow and steady progress but if decisions and actions are not made sooner, this generation and the next will suffer. As the Earth summit hardly made an impact, Agenda 21 is still an important topic and plan that nations are still using. This report shows that most decisions made in COP15 are not legally binded therefore not much progress was made. Agenda 21 and Kyoto protocol was brought up in Copenhagen and a continuation of these objectives are in order. The Key messages in the conference were addressed and encouraged nations to do their best in securing a better future. The past conferences had made an impact on the society but not enough to slow down global warming fast enough. As shown on th is report, progress are being made in terms of civil engineering are like companies similar to Baufritz, which is encouraging society to invest in properties that allows them to benefit from the money saved on utilities bill as well as saving the environment. It is important for companies like Baufriz to have a smooth development and construction period unlike Falmer Stadium, which caused a lot of problems due to disruption to the nearby environment therefore putting home buyers off. The government showed a great example with Jubilee library in Brighton where its award winning for its eco friendliness speaks for itself. The library itself is a wonderful structure with the help of advancement on technology that allows it to be very energy efficient. As a whole, civil engineering has made changes in the past, present and will make changes for the future. With the help of governments, civil engineering gives a chance for society to independently help save the planet from global warming for the future generation. Sustainability for the future relies on the government to take further action to allow more eco developments and constructions to take place. With the societys knowledge growing about the rising threat, our chances to save the future is growing.

A Lady in a Machine-Shop Essay -- Susan Bivin Aller

In "A Lady in a Machine-Shop," Susan Bivin Aller uses creativity, determination, and confidence to demonstrate how they led Margaret Knight to succession as an inventor. Knight and her family moved to Manchester, New Hampshire when she was at a young age. At the age of twelve, Knight witnessed a mill worker injured by a steel-tipped shuttle. This motivated her to create a safety mechanism, her first invention, to prevent any further injuries in cotton mills. Knight's mind was built with creativeness and that helped her succeed. As Knight grew up with her brothers, she invented "sleds, kites, and other playthings that?were the envy of all the boys in town." Knight often had a smile on her face when making new items for her brothers. She enjoyed inventing and helping others in need. "Because she didn't play with dolls," like other girls did, Knight's mind developed independently and creatively. She was the type of person that had her own thoughts and feelings. When Knight worked at the Columbia Paper Bag Company, she wanted to improve how the machines made the bags. The bags were si...

The Adventures Of Huckleberry Finn: Critique :: Free Essays

The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn: Critique Biography Mark Twain, the pseudonym of Samuel Clemens, was, as a literary writer, a genius. His use of numerous literary devices throughout the novel are quite unique. Examples of them would be, irony; "Here was a nigger, which I had as good as helped to run away, coming right out and saying that he would steal his children - children that belonged to someone that had done me no harm." p. 88; and colloquial enunciation; I ast 'm if dey 'uz gwyne to grab a young white genlman's propaty, en git a hidin for it?" p. 112 Samuel Clemens was a very controversial writer in his time. Although he was fiercely criticized, he was among the first writers to incorporate views other than that of a reverential main character into his stories, and he was also a primary user of colloquial enunciation. Plot Synopsis The plot is, as the title suggests, about the adventures of an unruly and carefree boy named Huckleberry Finn. The novel depicts the 1900's southern social climate in a manner that is not only satirical, but psychoanalytically intuitive. In it, Huck, as he is commonly known, runs away with a slave named Jim. As they travel along the Mississippi river, in the southern region of the United States, they undergo many extraordinary adventures. Analysis One of the most predominant themes in this novel is that of deception. Deception, in one form or another, is used with an avid consistency throughout the story. Two personifications of deception were the characters, King and Duke. They were "entrepreneurs" of deception (which is a polite way of saying hustlers). Samuel Clemens writes about them so ingeniously, that after a while the reader is able to understand the true nature of these tricksters, and that most of what they utter is either fabrication or a twisted truth.

The A Bomb :: essays research papers

The Atomic Bomb The first atomic bomb was tested on July 16,1945 at Alamogordo, New Mexico and was developed, constructed and tested by the Manhattan Project. The new device represented a completely new type of explosion. All explosives before this time got their power for the rapid burning of a chemical compound like gunpowder. These bombs could only do a limited amount of damage. This new group of nuclear explosives involved getting energy sources from within the nucleus of the atom. The Atomic bomb gained its power from the fission of all of the atomic nuclei in several kilos of uranium. A Ball about the size of a baseball made an explosion equal to about 20,000 tons of TNT. An atomic bomb can also be called a fission bomb because it uses fission to release the nuclear power from the fuel. The fuel is usually either Uranium-235 or plutomium-239. Uranium-235 has an extra property that makes it useful for both nuclear power production and for nuclear bombs - it is one of the few materials that can undergo induced fission. If a neutron runs into a Uranium nucleus, the nucleus will absorb the neutron, become unstable and split immediately. As soon as the nucleus captures the neutron, it splits into two lighter atoms and throws off 2 or 3 new neutrons. These neutrons then hit other uranium atoms and a chain reaction is started. An incredible amount of energy is released, in the form of heat and gamma radiation. In order for these properties of U-235 to work, a sample of uranium must be enriched. Weapons-grade uranium is composed of 90% or more U-235. In a fission bomb, the fuel must be kept in small and separate masses. These must be small enough to not support fission otherwise the bomb could explode before it is meant to. These masses are called subcritical masses. Critical mass is the minimum amount of fissionable material needed to keep a nuclear fission reaction going. Because the masses are separate there had to be ways to bring them together to detonate the bomb. There are two ways to detonate an atomic bomb. The first is the gun-triggered device and the second is the implosion device. In both of these types, neutrons had to be introduced to start the fission. This was done by making a little neutron generator out of a small pellet of polonium and beryllium, separated by foil.

Managing human capital

IntroductionIn the bulk of administrations people are now the premier plus. The cognition, abilities and accomplishments have to be set up and used to the maximal consequence if the administration is to make value. Nowadays, organisations are invariably altering as a response to the concern environment with each clip being more demanding and competitory. Primary purpose for companies is to go more flexible by following a successful scheme. How the company adapts to the alteration and how prompt it happens can guarantee its topographic point within the game. Responsiveness, adaptability and flexibleness are the key. Harmonizing to, Turner, Keegan & A ; Hueman ( 2006:317 ) , for an administration to be effectual and successful, the human resource direction maps must be integrated into the assorted organizational scheme Human resources are defined as the pool of human capital under the house ‘s control in a direct employment relationship, and HR patterns are the organizational activities directed at pull offing the pool of human capital and guaranting that the capital is employed towards the fulfillment of organizational ends ( Wright et al. , 1994 ) .Hrm FunctionThe HRM Function plays the function of the taking attention of the human capital in the organisation. The HRM Function is responsible for the procedures, which allow the organisation to remain competitory on the external market and internally efficient. By and large, the function and duties of the HRM Function are defined good in theory, but the world can be different from the organisation to the organisation. The investings needed to maintain the current staff and the competition on the market normally define the resort area for the HRM Function. The HRM Function is responsible for the undermentioned countries in the organisation:RecruitmentCompensation and BenefitsPerformance ManagementTrainingReportingLeadership DevelopmentPersonal AdministrationLegal Compliant ProcessesIn recent old ages, HRM involvement has grown in the country employee ‘s ability and public presentation. Among academics public presentation assessment defined as a structured system of mensurating, measuring and act uponing an employee ‘s occupation related properties, behaviors and results to happen out what degree employee is soon executing on the occupation. ( Kramer & A ; macgraw & A ; schuler 1997 ) that is: how productive the employees are and whether they can execute more efficaciously in the hereafter it is a dynamic and multidimensional procedure ( Latham & A ; wexley 1981, Carroll & A ; schneirer 1982 ) Harmonizing to Dessler ( 2005 ) public presentation assessment is a cardinal affair in the HRM because it helps to organisations about the employee with feedback, development and inducements required assisting individual eliminate public presentation lacks or to go on to execute above par. In twenties century account of public presentation assessment has been extended new positions. Generally human resources directors say that mensurating public presentation helps to acquire information about employee ‘s demand and making but since sing public presentation assessment get an of import portion of HRM. harmonizing to Heyel â€Å" it is the procedure of measuring the public presentation and makings of the employees in footings of the demands of the occupation for which is employed for intents of disposal including arrangement, choice for publicities, supplying fiscal wagess and other actions which require differential intervention among the members of groups as distinguished from actions impacting all members equally.† ( s.Chand 2000 )From Performance Appraisal To Performance ManagementWhile the thought that assessments should better employee public presentation is already accepted and we know that it is non new. Many directors of companies set up their procedure in tree measure. They are _ of puting ends, _ preparation employees, _appraising and honoring them. During the period of procedure it calls public presentation direction. By and large public presentation direction as a procedure that back uping to company ‘s strategic purposes. All these definitions conduct that public presentation assessment takes a function in a procedure. employee ‘s ends and work are related to company ‘s end. That is why develops the employee ‘s capablenesss, and evaluates and wagess the person‘s attempt besides company ‘s benefit in new vision of human resources direction.Performance DevelopmentPerformance direction scheme is related with employee development. Purpose of public presentation direction is developing employees who are effectual in their work besides seek to better public presentation when employees are non executing every bit good as they should ( Campbell, and Lee, 1988 ; Farh, et al. , 1991 ) The feedback is a chief point which given during the public presentation rating procedure identify, employees failings every bit good as chances for accomplishment development. It is clear that the intents of en effectual public presentation direction system are link employee activities with administration ‘s strategic ends, provide valid and utile information for administrative determinations about employees and give employees utile developmental feedbackSHRMstrategic human resource direction has been defined as â€Å" the linking of human resources with strategic ends and aims in order to better concern public presentation and develop organisational civilization that surrogate invention and flexibleness â€Å" ( Siddharth Chatuvedi ) Strategic Human Resource Management ( SHRM ) is one of the most powerful and influential thoughts to hold emerged in the field of concern and direction. It is besides applied by some policy shapers at have drawn upon the thought of SHRM to advance a high public presentation workplaces and human capital direction. Research workers in the field of strategic human resource direction have emphasized that human resource ( HR ) patterns may take to higher house public presentation and be beginnings of sustained competitory advantages ( Wright, Dunford, & A ; Snell, 2001 ) . SHRM impact how organisations are changed, and how they perform. It besides affects how employees are treated, security of employment and the nature of employment. SHRM trades with organisational public presentation and systems of patterns and HRM trades with a single employee public presentation and single HRM patterns. The function of SHRM or HRM is to set up a system of HRM patterns that transforms a house ‘s employees from trade goods that provide negligible competitory advantage and average work public presentation to human assets and prolonging the heightened work motive, expanded occupation chances, and alone accomplishments, cognition and abilities. When a house is be aftering to modify or do a advancement of invention, the best applied scheme is the research-based-review that will decidedly be utile to the SHRM/HRM.Strategic HRM And Human Capital ManagementA figure of authors have argued that strategic HRM and human capital direction ( HCM ) are one and the same thing, and so the construct of strategic HRM lucifers that of the broader definition of HCM rather good as the undermentioned definition of the chief characteristics of s trategic HRM by Dyer and Holder 1998 shows5:Organisational degree – because schemes involve determinations about cardinal ends, major policies and the allotment of resources they tend to be formulated at the top.Focus – schemes are business-driven and concentrate on organizational effectivity ; therefore in this perspective people are viewed chiefly as resources to be managed toward the accomplishment of strategic concern ends.Framework – schemes by their really nature provide uniting models which are at one time wide, contingency-based and integrative. They incorporate a full complement of HR ends and activities designed specifically to suit extant environments and to be reciprocally reenforcing or interactive.Theory Applied To The SHRM/HRMThe human resource direction patterns fundamentally include the procedure of enlisting and keeping. To supply the farther apprehension, the Grounded Theory will take the SHRM/HRM to make end of employee enlisting and keeping. The application of grounded theory provides the recruiters and human resource professionals to hold a better apprehension in the employment alterations.Application Of Two ModelsA. Guest Model Of HRMThis type of theoretical account that was introduced by David Guest has six dimensions of analysis for HRM. It summarizes the HRM schemes, HRM patterns, HRM outcomes, behavior results, public presentation results, and fiscal results. The thought of this theoretical account is based on the cardinal elements of the HRM attack, such as committedness that have a direct relationship with valued concern effects.B. Compensation And WagessThis method might be usage and besides be more effectual in the employment relationships, scheme, and direction that can ensue for a better apprehension on strategic human resource direction systems. As a sort of motivational attack, employees can be more competitory hypertext transfer protocol: //ivythesis.typepad.com/term_paper_topics/2009/10/shrmhrm-models-a nd-theories.htmlMaking A High Performance WorkplaceHow Can HR Help To Implement High Performance Work Practices?HR aid to implement high public presentation work patterns by making a civilization whic is supportive of high public presentation, by act uponing attitudes ( HR can assist put up benchmarking visits to organisations which are accomplishing outstanding consequences through people ) , by planing and implementing HR procedures which support the concern scheme ( hr procedures such as wages systems need to be aligned to the new ways of working. In order to present high public presentation working there are a figure of cardinal features of high public presentation workplaces:Employees are extremely skilledEmployee motive and committedness are strongOccupations are good designed and functions fit together goodOpportunities are provided for people to take part in bettering how they do their workStrong cultural values underlie how people work together and do determinationsStructures are expeditiously organisedThe necessary tools and resources and physical environment are providedMaking this happen requires a combination of two cardinal elements on a high degree:Having a work force of gifted and motivated peopleHaving a extremely effectual system through which work is organised and people are recruited, managed and developedCardinal Stairss To Have A High Performance In WorkplaceThere are basically two parts to presenting high public presentation working. The first portion is all about seting the basic enablers in topographic po int. The 2nd is transforming how work is done to guarantee top public presentation twenty-four hours in, twenty-four hours out. First, it is of import to acquire the rudimentss in topographic point, as follows: Choice: enrolling the best people, utilizing techniques such as psychometric testing and competency-based interviewing to do certain campaigners are accurately screened Prosecuting new starting motors: supplying utile initiation with support at manus and a clear debut to ways of working and civilization Development: analysing development demands of persons and squads in footings of both proficient and ‘soft accomplishments ‘ , and supplying relevant preparation and development to run into any spreads Pay and benefits: supplying a competitory salary bundle or contract rate to procure good quality employees, with sensible warrants of employment security. Performance direction: guaranting both persons and squads as whole have clear aims and are managed consequently, honoring excellence and covering with under-performance Diverseness: holding a good mix of accomplishments, backgrounds and types of people brings a comprehensiveness of thoughts and improved problem-solving Work environment: ensuring resources are in topographic point so that the tools, equipment and installations to back up high public presentation working are in topographic point and people have what they need to make the occupation good Accurate information: holding clear informations on the both the costs of using people, who is making what and the benefits they contribute to the programme or undertaking Transforming into a high public presentation workplace requires non merely the right support systems, nevertheless, but concentrating on how people work together, in peculiar: Leadership: most people react best to leaders who connect with them and are n't hierarchal in their attack. This means acquiring ‘back to the floor ‘ and disbursement clip with people at all degrees, including frontline operators, clients, support staff and other directors. Then a clear way demands to be set and pursued smartly, presenting on promises and animating assurance in staff Team-based working: squads need to hold clear undertakings, be measured as a squad instead than persons and tantrum good with other squads. Functions within a squad should be complementary, clear and interdependent. Where these standards are met, squads are extremely effectual in presenting consequences with limited monitoring, far more so than persons working independently. Flexible constructions: understating the figure of direction degrees and differences of position has important impact on two degrees. First, lines of communicating are quicker and more fluid between whoever is taking a programme and different people presenting cardinal undertakings. Besides, with few center directors, the undertaking direction operating expenses are kept to a lower limit. Communication: seasonably, unfastened and honest communicating with all staff, avoiding a ‘need to cognize ‘ civilization, is priceless in guaranting good determinations are made and errors avoided. This is besides critical for people to experience valued, as they are in the cringle and trusted. Engagement: one of the biggest countries of chance loss in many undertakings is deficiency of engagement of squad members in determinations, be they big or little. Normally the people making the frontline undertakings are those who know best how things can be improved or made more efficient. Supplying regular unfastened forums and sometimes confidential channels to raise issues are critical to acquire people involved in doing the whole undertaking work better. Making this takes up some clip but constantly leads to break consequences and nest eggs downstream. Continuous invention: high acting workplaces are continuously happening new and more effectual ways of presenting their ends. This does n't intend eternal clip wasted navel-gazing. It does intend high quality communicating and engagement being used to good consequence – to do things work better and ever maintaining an oculus unfastened for chances. The function of the leader in enabling this is important. Good inventions need to be implemented. ‘No ‘ should be a word that is non heard often!By Alan Bourne, Chartered Occupational Psychologist 2007Example From CompaniesStarbuck ‘s, Boeing, Wal-Mart, Mc Donalds, Samsung and Turkish Airlines are leaders in their industry and have been making concern successfully. During the research on their Human Resource Management ( HRM ) , I have seen their successes are steadfastly related to their effectual and efficient HRM schemes. There are many factors in common among these five companies ‘ HRM schemes: devotednes s to employees ‘ benefits, employee preparation, a diversified work environment, publicities and wagess system, friendly and healthy workplace and outsourcing chances. Starbuck ‘s concern has been hiking twelvemonth by twelvemonth. For many people that have had Starbuck ‘s java, they may detect that Starbuck ‘s client service is outstanding. Every client is treated like a VIP and with high quality service. Starbuck ‘s provides its direction squad and employees developing to assist them better understand its concern procedure. Besides, Starbuck ‘s offers a broad scope of occupation chances for people to develop their potency. Boeing, world-famous aeroplane shaper, provides the most advanced and diversified employees benefits I have of all time known. Boeing knows handling employees liberally will convey more net incomes and competitory advantage. In add-on, Boeing provides a bright and clear calling growing way for its employees, and it will decidedly add to their assurance and attempts working at Boeing. Wal-Mart is the largest private employer of African-Americans and Hispanics in the United States. Different civilizations, backgrounds, and moralss have become Wal-Mart HRM ‘s nucleus issues. Wal-Mart embracings diverseness at all degrees in its organisation. Wal-Mart besides has an Open Door Policy in which every associate is encouraged to convey any suggestions to their supervisor. Wal-Mart ‘s advanced and effectual HRM schemes make it such a successful company. McDonalds believes that â€Å"training is the foundation of their success and vital for bettering the business† . Hourly paid staff receive on the occupation preparation, supplemented by computing machine based and other preparation methods, Management staff receive preparation at one of the company ‘s six British preparation Centres. McDonalds has a high ‘turnover ‘ of staff, proposing the enlisting scheme is inefficient. Incorrect occupation advertizement perchance leads to the entry of applications by the incorrect type of individual. Samsung ‘s scheme can be described as an attempt to systematically run into clients ‘ demands across three critical dimensions-quality, time-to-volume, and being easy to make concern with. The company is invariably altering and reinventing itself in support of these ends by design in Samsung ‘s HR direction systems. Recently the house has collected some informations about why people in high tech came to ( and stayed at ) Samsung. It was found that â€Å" interesting work † and the quality of the work environment were cardinal properties. Samsung develop a batch of classs for Samsung staff to larn, and give them chances to travel outside to larn. E.g. : The design halfway staff can travel abroad or have opportunity to work with celebrated endowments. Samsung has identified the development and care of an Extraordinary Environment as a cardinal driver in the execution of its competitory scheme. Turkey Airline is one of the market leaders in the flight industry.The Company has got jobs which include hapless communicating and deficiency of information flow between the assorted sections, headhunting of cardinal staff members by rivals, weak organizational construction, weak wages scheme and organizational civilization. To work out this issue, The company has adopted a figure of human resource direction schemes of late. At Turkish air hoses direction has created a conductive environment, with more workers engagement, calling sequence planning, calling relevant preparation, public presentation wages systems, greater chances for higher functions, occupation satisfaction, trust and committedness to heighten employee committedness and satisfaction. Bacardi-Martini is a celebrated and reputable drinks maker with the strongest success rates with respect to the study conducted by ‘The Sunday Times 100 Best Companies to Work For ‘ . One of the chief factors that fuels their success, and continues to drive the company are the productiveness, answerability, creativeness and teamwork. The company readily recognises that its success will merely go on if the staff are committed, loyal and happy in their work. Therefore, Bacardi ‘s staff development attack is taken really earnestly, and they go to guarantee that the household ambiance is used through the operations of the company Examples of these benefits include free hot repasts at the eating house, private wellness attention, life insurance, athleticss installations, helplines and so on. All of these benefits are non merely offered to the employee, but besides the employee ‘s household members or live-in spouses. hypertext transfer protocol: //www.clms.le.ac.uk/publications/workingpapers/working_paper50.pdfDecisionHarmonizing to Gilbreath ( 2008 ) , making strong HRM policies requires making a strong psychological environment in which employees can boom. Such an environment requires carry oning stress audit, supervising the work of the environment, fiting people and work environment and utilizing squads of employees and research workers to analyze the work environment. Gilbreath, B. , ( 2008 ) . This paper has examined the propositions of the SHRM positions of HR patterns and their part to sustainable competitory advantage. The nexus between HR patterns and house public presentation has been established and from a resource-based position One of the primary decisions from this survey It is utile for all administrations to direction their people within a planned and coherent model which reflect the concern scheme. They can guarantee that the assorted facets of people direction are reciprocally reenforcing in developing the public presentation and behaviors necessary to accomplish concern success. There is non individual HRM scheme that will present success in all state of affairss. Administrations need to specify a scheme which is alone to their ain state of affairs in footings of context, ends, and the demands of organizational stakeholders. hypertext transfer protocol: //www.cipd.co.uk/subjects/corpstrtgy/general/strathrm.htm

Ben and Jerry’s Entering into the Japanese Market

Ben and Jerry's Entering into the Japanese Market sy Ihart2dance19 Ben ; Jerrys Homemade, Inc. produces super premium ice cream, frozen yogurt, and ice cream novelties in rich and original flavors. The company sells its unique offerings In grocery stores, restaurants, and franchised Ice cream shops, and it holds about one-third of the market for its products. This global company began with only a $12,000 Investment to open Ben ; Jerrys Homemade Ice cream scoop shop In a renovated gas station in downtown Burlington, Vermont, on May 5th, 1978.From one mall shop In downtown Burlington, the company had grown to Include a chain of nearly 100 franchised shops, and a line of products sold in stores across the country. As one of the leading superpremium ice cream (greater richness and density than other kinds of Ice-cream and Is therefore sold at a relatively high price) manufactures, Ben ; Jerrys has to continually expand and develop to compete with other leading brands. The united States I s one of the largest exporting nations as well.The united States sells products to other countries because no country can roduce all of the products the people want. In 1994, den ;Jerrys starting considering advancing into the Japan ice cream market, the second largest ice cream market in the world with sales of approximately $4,5 billion. According to the survey conducted by â€Å"What Japan Thinks,† nearly 2 out of 5 Japanese eat ice cream every week. However, Japan is a great distance from the united States and it would be complicated to distribute the Items to Japan.Japan's barriers to Imports from foreign countries were high and Ben ; Jerrys were entering the Japanese ice cream market 0years atter Its competitors, such as Haagen-Dazs. According to the survey by â€Å"What Japan Thinks,† the biggest factor in ice cream purchase is by flavor and taste. The Japanese consumers demand high-quality products with different flavors. The demands of the Japanese coincide di rectly with the product mission statement of Ben ; Jerrys which is â€Å"to make, distribute and sell the finest quality all natural ice cream and euphoric concoctions with a continued commitment to Incorporating wholesome, natural ingredients. So based on the quality and flavors of Ben & Jerrys, the ompany doesn't have to change their recipes or ingredients to be popular In the Japanese ice cream market. However, In Japan ice cream is considered a snack more so than a dessert, so to be user- friendly to the Japanese, Ben ; Jerrys should package their Ice cream In personal cups as well as their point sized package. Additionally, the Japanese are very clean and conscience of sanitation, so having Individual serving would be more appealing to the Japanese people.According to â€Å"What Japan Thinks,† the most popular purchase of ice cream is a single-serving cup ot ice cream. When It comes to perishable goods, supermarkets seem to be much stricter In Japan than In the west abo ut moving on stock before it gets old. It Is very important for a product to have a good reputation, especially in Japan, and if a product Isnt good quality no one will buy the product. Ben ; Jerrys should make sure that their product's are being monitored, and if the ice cream is close to perishing, they should make sure It gets thrown out, or then their reputation can be ruined In a 1 Ofa minute. nen Ben & Jerrys aec10e now tney wlll Introduce tnelr product to Japan, hey have to take into account the sociocultural forces and cultural differences between America and Japan. Although shipping to Japan is not the easiest task, Ben & Jerrys is an established corporate company who has been shipping ice cream to the West Coast and to Europe in freezer containers. Ben & Jerrys needs to create an efficient supply chain, the sequence of linked activities that must be performed by various organizations to move goods from the sources of raw materials to ultimate consumers, so the company can then ship out their products smoothly.The company hen has to find the best approach to their physical distribution, or logistics. Bringing their products to Japan would require detailed and structured outbound logistics involving managing the flow of finished products and information to business buyers and ultimate consumers. Ben & Jerrys then has to choose the right transportation mode. Because Japan is over seas from their Vermont factory, the only 2 options would be water transportation, which is inexpensive but slow (about 3 weeks) or by air, which is fast but expensive.Although Japan has barriers to foreign imports, in 948 the General Agreement of Tariffs and Trade (GATT) was formed, which was an international forum for negotiating reductions in trade restrictions. The World Trade Organization (WTO) was also established to assume the task of mediating trade disputes among nations. Japan is part of the WTO, Joining on September 10th, 1955. This will make it easier for Ben & Jerr ys to advance in Japan's foreign market because there is a global mediation center. Also, there are expectations of falling tariffs on dairy products, which would be a desirable feature in selling in Japan.Even though Haagen-Dazs had already been selling their superpremium ice cream in Japan's market, now Ben & Jerrys doesn't have to educate the Japanese market about superpremium ice cream. Haagen-Dazs's sales in Japan were about $300 million, proving there is a large Japanese ice cream market and superpremium ice cream is desirable in the country. There are many advantages and disadvantages for Ben & Jerrys to penetrate the Japanese market by relying on 7-Eleven, an international chain of convenience stores, to distribute their superpremium ice cream.If Ben & Jerrys sold directly to 7-Eleven creating a Joint venture or a strategic alliance, they would create a long-term partnership between two companies to undertake a major project and help each company build competitive market adv antage. Because Ben & Jerrys have expanded all over the world it is a multinational corporation. If Ben & Jerrys could sell directly to 7-Eleven, it would eliminate the distribution costs. However, there would be a power struggle between the 2 major companies.If Ben & jerry's agrees to an exclusive agreement with the massive convenience store chain, 7- Eleven would have the upper hand. Another advantage of entering the market through 7-Eleven is the immediate placement of Ben ; Jerrys in over 7000 convenience stores in Japan, giving Ben ; Jerrys an instant access to the market on a large scale. Yet, by doing this, Ben ; Jerrys might not be able to build their own brand name and an issue with 7-Eleven would leave Ben ; Jerrys without their own position in the Japanese market.Also, 7-Eleven insisted that Ben ; Jerrys ice cream be packaged in personal cups as opposed to the pint size, due to the cultural view of ice cream in Japan. This would require $2 million in equipment and differe nt methods in packaging the ice cream, because Ben ; Jerrys would have to comply wltn tnese cnanges. I ne ‘-Eleven approacn to Just-ln-tlme Inventory procedures would make delivery reliability key and costs would have to be minimized. Because the Japanese production is unique, Ben & Jerrys would have to be careful to not mix up the Japanese label with the regular label.A disadvantage of relying on 7-Eleven is the asset specific investment in production equipment. Due to these changes, there would be complex logistics and production planning. Also, the pricing and profit distributions are unclear. The only clear thing was that Ben & Jerrys would be shipping from their Vermont factory. Entering the market with 7-Eleven would allow Ben & Jerrys to have control of their brand, although 7-Eleven would have a dominant position. Ben & Jerrys would have to rely on 7-Eleven promoting the brand, which 7- Eleven wasn't promising.A major advantage is that 7-Eleven is an established corpor ation, so 7-Eleven has high-level executive involvement and an efficient supply chain. Ben ; Jerrys would increase sales through convenience stores and would ccess the market on a large scale easily. Ken Yamada was also interested in acting as a licensee for Ben ; Jerrys in Japan, overseeing marketing and distribution of its products there. Yamada would be the marketing intermediary for Ben ; Jerrys, being the independent firm which will assist in the flow of goods and services from producers to end-users.Yamada would be a good candidate because he was a well- recommended third-generation Japanese-American, so he knew the culture and how to integrate American and Japanese cultures. He also was already running the Domino's Pizza franchise in Japan. The Domino's franchise in Japan was very successful, and Domino's already delivered ice cream cups, so they had the resources to deliver Ben & Jerrys. However, part of Yamada's agreement was that he would have exclusive rights to the entir e Japanese market.This would mean that Yamada would have full control of branding and marketing efforts, making Ben ; Jerrys fully dependent on the efforts of Yamada. He would have full control of the marketing and sales in Japan. Yamada would introduce Ben ; Jerrys to the Japanese market from he initial steps to the large picture; starting with positioning the brand, formulating and strategically orchestrating the initial launch, and concentrating on the best marketing and distribution strategy for the long-term positioning of Ben ; Jerrys in Japan.By using Yamada to introduce Ben ; Jerrys in the Japanese market, Yamada would earn royalty on all sales, but he would have full control of the Japanese market. This would give Ben ; Jerrys instant expertise in a foreign market and because Yamada was already running Domino's, there was a simple entry strategy and an ongoing marketing management. Yamada was very valuable to the ice cream company. He knew frozen foods, he had an entreprene urial spirit and marketing sa'. n. y.However, because Yamada would be investing his time in a marketing campaign only after reaching an agreement with Ben ; Jerrys, there was no specific plan available for consideration, and Yamada would have full control and the right to change any plan. Yamada has good market knowledge and the managerial requirements, making it less demanding for Ben ; Jerrys. However, he has no specific business plan and no brand control. Although Ben ; Jerrys managers believe the ompany should delay entering the Japanese market because of economic problems, I think Ben ; Jerrys should enter the Japanese market.Japan is the second largest ice cream market globally, with sweet growth rates. Japan has high profit margins. Japan nas a nlgn aemana Tor super premium Ice cream. Inere Is also a aecllnlng aomestlc growth rates and market shares in Japan. Also, Ben ; Jerrys has excess capacity in the United States factory. Japan has the second largest ice cream market in the world with sales of approximately $4. 5 billion, proving that Ben ; Jerrys would be very successful entering the Japanese market.

Political Typologies Essay

Liberal   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The political typology quiz categorized me under the liberal typology group. The liberal typology group belongs support the ideologies of Democrats. It is also the largest group among the nine typology groups. According to the quiz, the liberal group is open to several controversial issues that are the main themes and topics of debates and arguments. These issues include homosexuality, abortion, euthanasia, etc. A most recent controversial social issue involves stem cell research. However, even if the liberal typology group is part of the Democratic Party, it still has distinct values apart from other groups that also belong to the same party. One that is particular to the liberal group is their stand on war. The liberal group is supportive of diplomacy as a means of promoting peace with other countries. Liberalist groups do not believe that war is the answer to conflicts and disagreements. In addition to this, the group does not support anti-terrorist laws, specifically the Patriot Act, that the U.S. government is implementing. Other issues include espousing same sex marriages and advocating the protection and the preservation of the environment. Moreover, the group is also sympathetic to the concerns of immigrants and labor unions. I agree with the results of the quiz because as I was reading the ideologies of the liberal group, I find myself agreeing to them. I do not believe in war, and I do not want to support it. I think wars just cause more wars. Instead of resolving issues, it makes it even more complicated. A lot of innocent lives have been lost just because of simple disagreements that the higher-ups should resolve by talking in peace, compromising, and deciding what is best for the country and other countries as well. I also respect other people in that I believe they have a choice whether to engage in same sex marriages, abortion, support stem cell research, adhere to any religious doctrine or not, etc. I think everyone has the right to decide for themselves and choose whatever it is that they want to do in life, well, as long as they do not do harm to others or the environment. That is a different case. In addition, the issue about labor unions and immigrants is also something that I agree with. There is no competition when it comes to immigrants and employment. They were qualified to work in the country; therefore, there should be no question whether they do harm or good to the economy. Moreover, the rights and concerns of labor unions should be addressed. I think large businesses should pay attention to them and practice humanitarianism in the sense that they should think more of the people who work for them than the money that they earn because of them. Works Cited The Pew Research Center for the People and the Press. (2008). â€Å"Liberal.† Retrieved from The Pew Research Center for the People and the Press. 28 March 2008. .

Intrapreneuship-Global

Slide: Many big companies had benefitted from the ideas of their employees that not just bringing innovation but adding to its revenue stream. Several global cases have been renowned especially to big companies’ history on how their respective intrapreneurs made the business to be the pioneer of a certain business idea. 1. Most renowned â€Å"Skunk Works† 2. Spencer Silver and Art Fry’s development of post-it notes at 3 M company Modern Day 1. Steve Jobs and a group of 20 Apple Computer engineers created the Macintosh computer 2. Intel's core chip-making business. . Google 4. Microsoft 5. Sony playstation I. Global Case Intrapreneurs take existing businesses and transform them. Whereas an entrepreneur would take an idea and build a business around it, an intrapreneur takes an existing business and branches it out into uncharted waters. In a September 1985 Newsweek article, Steve Jobs was quoted as saying, â€Å"The Macintosh team was what is commonly known as in trapreneurship; only a few years before the term was coined—a group of people going, in essence, back to the garage, but in a large company. (http://infospace. ischool. syr. edu/2012/06/25/intrapreneurship-what-who-and-why-its-important/) Intrapreneurship is being practiced in a corporate management style that integrates risk-taking and innovation approaches, as well as the reward and motivational techniques that are more traditionally thought of as being the province of entrepreneurship. Many big companies had benefitted from the ideas of their employees that not just bringing innovation but adding to its revenue stream.Several global cases have been renowned especially to big companies’ history on how their respective intrapreneurs made the business to be the pioneer of a certain business idea. I. Global Case * Skunk Works is an official alias for Lockheed Martin’s Advanced Development Programs (ADP), formerly called Lockheed Advanced Development Projects. Thi s working group within the well-known defense manufacturer has been responsible for the development of numerous cutting edge aircraft and other innovations since 1943, when it was established to work on secret projects for the United States Air Force.In some companies, a working group of intrapreneurs may be referred to as a â€Å"skunkworks project† in reference to Lockheed's famous subdivision. (http://www. wisegeek. com/what-is-an-intrapreneur. htm#did-you-know) Skunk Works is responsible for a number of famous aircraft designs, including the U-2, the SR-71 Blackbird, the F-117 Nighthawk, and the F-22 Raptor. Currently its largest officially known project is the F-35 Lightning II, which will be used in the air forces of several countries.Skunk works devoted their work revolutionary projects outside of the company’s * Spencer Silver and Art Fry’s development of post-it notes at 3m is also an impressive example of intrapreneurship. Way back in when a 3m employe e couldn't keep his hymns marked properly in his church choir book. After attempting various methods, he decided he'd try using some non-permanent adhesive that was available at his workplace. By placing this adhesive on the back of his markers, he found he could keep them secured in place and then easily peel them off when he was done.Modern day * Intel also has a tradition of implementing intrapreneurship. Intel established an in-house â€Å"new business initiative† in 1998 to bootstrap new businesses that employees propose, regardless of whether the concepts had anything to do with Intel's core chip-making business. In contrast to a venture capital program that Intel has had in place for a decade, the new business initiative provides financing for businesses that the company's own employees start. The idea for the whole thing came from our employees, who kept telling us they wanted to do entrepreneurial things,† said Craig Barrett, president and chief executive offic er of Intel. â€Å"They saw that we were putting a lot of investments into external companies and said that we should be investing in our own ideas. † (http://www. utdallas. edu/~chasteen/Reinventing%20the%20intrapreneur. htm) * Steve Jobs and a group of 20  Apple Computer  engineers created the Macintosh computer without â€Å"adult supervision,† mainly to compete with Apple's mainstay, the Apple II — not to mention Mr.Jobs's nemesis, Apple CEO John Scully * Microsoft Microsoft , one of the companies that poached great Xerox technology, has suffered from a brain drain that may pose a bigger threat than any U. S. Supreme Court decision, as veteran executives use their own millions to start their own firms. That's why both of these companies are now emphasizing internal entrepreneurial efforts. They are among the following ten corporations that have made intrapreneurship a keystone of their business. Seamus Blackley, a game designer, joined Microsoft in early 1999.His last big project, â€Å"Trespasser,† a dinosaur-shooting game based on Michael Crichton's The Lost World (Knopf, 1997), bombed in the market. He figured he'd keep a low profile as a graphics programmer, but then he dreamed up a new idea on an airplane flight and quickly banded with three other engineers to create a video game console using personal computer technology. (http://www. utdallas. edu/~chasteen/Reinventing%20the%20intrapreneur. htm) * Google is also known to be intrapreneur friendly, allowing their employees to spend up to 20% of their time to pursue projects of their choice.