Saturday, January 18, 2020
Euripides Paper Essay
Of the plays that survived the Hellenistic Era of Greece, few survive out of the thousands that were written in celebration of the Festival Of Dionysus. This festival was in honor of the great god of wine, a relatively new Olympian borne of Zeus and a mortal woman, Semele (Rachel Gross, Dale Grote, 1997). He was celebrated as not only the god of wine but also of nature, fertility and later, the stage.            The Bacchae by Euripides is the most famous account of the Dionysian cult, and through its disturbing tale of destruction and horrific method of worship it paints a picture of extremism unlike other tales. It is possible that Euripides, during his stay in the court of the king of Macedon, saw a sect of the cult whose ritual practices were extremist or it could be that Euripides was attempting to make a statement about the danger of cultist thinking.            Dionysus was the only Olympian to have been born twice, once when Zeus killed his mother with a thunderbolt then rescued the unborn child, inserted him into his own thigh for the rest of his gestation, and gave birth to him.            One theme that runs through the Dionysian cult is rejection; the Dionysus stories repeatedly tell of Dionysus entering a city, being rejected as a god and bringing destruction to his opponents.            It does appear that the authors of the classical plays in the Hellenistic Era either wished to encourage worshippers to remain loyal to their gods or they wished to instill fear in the public regarding the vengeful nature of the gods if they are not obeyed. An example of this is Euripides’ tale of Dionysus’ revenge on Pentheus, king of Thebes. As patient and devious as only a god could be, Dionysus lets himself be captured after driving local women (including Pentheus’ mother) into divine madness. Dionysus, disguised, is believed to be behind the women suddenly running into the forest from the city. Dionysus cannot be restrained, as he amply shows his captor Pentheus. Eventually Dionysis leads Pentheus (dressed as a woman) to his death by the hands of his own mother, who does not recognize him in her state of madness.            The choir sings the praises of Dionysus, who is later able to show himself to Thebes for who he really is.            A recurrent theme in The Bacchae is justice, disguise, revenge, and the balance of power, all centered on a god and his followers opposing a mortal and the non-believers.            Along the same lines and also reflecting the religion of the time as well as portraying the continual battles that were waged between city-states that vied for dominion, were plays written by Sophocles, Aeschylus, and later Aristophanes.            Politics were mixed in with religious rites and rituals, as is written in all of the plays examined. Similarity exists in stories of son against father, brother against sister, and a god dictating the actions of all the major players with the oracles being the messengers delivering prophecies and directions to the mere mortals. A marvelous intertwining of emotions, decisions, protocols, ethics and treachery are exhibited by both mortals and gods in these works, but the gods tend to influence the mortals to turn on each other rather than directly intervene.            In Prometheus Bound, Aeschylus exposes the revenge of gods upon a god, as opposed to Dionysus’ revenge on Thebes for rejecting him. Still, the theme of suffering is woven and fear is stricken into the audience as a great god who had created the mortals done so much for them is ruthlessly punished by Zeus.            Prometheus Bound is the second play of a trilogy, and uses no stage. In that, it is unique; the entire play takes place in the balconies (ed. Alfred Bates, 1906, p.73). This adds to the feeling that a battle is being waged in the heavens, a common theme reflected in the mythology of the Greek pantheon.            Prometheus brought fire to mankind out of sympathy for their ignorance and darkness. At first Zeus was angry, but when he smelled the aroma of the rich sacrifices cooking over the fires he decided to bide his time to see what would happen next. As in The Bacchae, Zeus is alternately portrayed as a benevolent yet very vengeful god.            Prometheus Bound illustrates the suffering of torture for a god who cannot die because he is immortal; this would give pause to any Hellenistic person who might wish to become a god. At least humans can be freed from the pains of mortality through death, even if brought about by an angry god.            One passage in particular reflects how rejection is a theme that repeats itself in Hellenistic plays, wrenching emotion from the audience and expressed in such a way as to be all too common in tragedy; Prometheus, chained to the mountainside where a bird of prey arrives daily to eat his liver, cries out, â€Å"The foe of Zeus, and held In hatred by all gods Who tread the courts of Zeus; And this for my great love, Too great, for mortal man†(Bates, p. 76).            Along comes Hermes, in a powerful scene, bids Prometheus to reveal the marriage that will produce the undoing of Zeus’ position. Prometheus adamantly refuses to reveal such a thing unless he is unbound.            Interestingly enough, Zeus had already had a warning regarding a child who would overthrow him; after his liaison with the Titan Metis, Zeus was told that the unborn child would bring about his undoing. He turned Metis into a fly and swallowed her; the child gestated inside of Zeus’ head and later emerged as the goddess Athena. Once again we find Zeus hatching a child within his own body, as Dionysus was.            Even in his suffering, Prometheus is adamant about justice. He had created mortals under Zeus’ orders, he had taught them everything. When Zeus saw the mortals becoming too powerful, able to reason and think for themselves, he saw his own position threatened. This theme is also reflected in different ways and with different scenarios in the plays of the period. Essentially this is a political attitude, which seems to be misplaced among all-powerful and perfect gods, but as humans had godlike qualities, the gods also had very human qualities. Such was the relationship between the Greek Olympians and the Greek people, a mutual relationship of favors granted, sacrifices made and honors given or withdrawn. What we know of this relationship is mostly from writers such as Homer and Plato as well as the playwrights.            The Prometheus trilogy elaborated on the creation of man, the wrath of Zeus, intervention by Prometheus, the advancement of mankind and the gift of Prometheus (the return of fire). This was followed by the punishment of Prometheus and the ill will of the Olympians toward him. Loyalty to Zeus and the recognition that the gods were only as powerful as their mortal worshippers are reflective of politicians and celebrities of today; a stat is only as stellar as the public allows it to be.            Finally Prometheus is freed and is reconciled amongst the Olympians, but for all he did for mortals, it appears that he was not worshipped, nor was he a patron god of any polis or temple. Apparently his fallibility made him unworthy of mortal worship. Unlike Dionysus, however, Prometheus did not exact revenge on those who did not recognize him.            Turning to more complicated matters, we shall now look at the Oedipus plays by Sophocles. This series reveals the role of fate and the irrevocable will of the gods, this time involving Apollo.            Running along common Greek themes of deplorable situations (such as Zeus killing Dionysus’ mother and realizing with horror that she carried his unborn child, Prometheus being horribly tortured for loving his creations so much that he defied Zeus, and the horror of bedding one’s own mother and bearing children by her), Oedipus the King by Sophocles brings about the role played by fate and the unquestionable role of destiny that mortals cannot escape even if forewarned and taking all precautions.            Oracles and prophets relayed messages from the gods to mortals, and those whom had a shadow cast over their lives had no choice play out their lives in the manner decreed by the gods.            Oedipus was one of those people, sent away by his mother to be murdered since it was predicted that he would kill his father; a kindly Shepard took Oedipus to be raised in the court of the king and queen of Corinth. Oedipus was not aware of his true parentage.            As a young prince, Oedipus overhears a conversation announcing that he was not the true son of the king and queen, so he sought the advice of the Oracle of Delphi. This is where he learned of his destiny, which had been revealed to his mother years before. Another common theme of the Hellenistic Era is the accuracy of the Oracle of Delphi, who can see into the plans of the gods and will advise mortals as she sees fit.            Oedipus was horrified to hear his fate and, still believing that he was the son of the king and queen of Corinth, he sought to escape the horrible prophecy by leaving the palace. This is another case in point where it was believed that a mortal could not escape what the gods had decreed for their future, and it wasn’t until philosophy took a strong stance in Greek society that the gods were questioned as omniscient beings that controlled the destiny of every person. In the case of Oedipus, had he kept his head and stayed in the palace at Corinth, the story would have been much different but even the reader of the plays will doubt that he could have changed his fate.            Oedipus traveled to Thebes, fell in love with and married Jocasta, Queen of Thebes. Jocasta was the widow of Kind Laius, who had been killed in a skirmish with a band of thieves just prior to Oedipus’ arrival.            Oedipus and Jocasta had four children; two daughters (Antigone and Ismeme) and two sons (Polynices and Eteocles). While the offspring of Oedipus and Jocasta do not appear significantly in Oedipus the King (Oedipus Rex), their existence is significant for the act that Antigone will later commit in a state of unbending intent, without regard for any punishment from gods or humans.            Eventually a plague strikes Thebes and the citizenry asks Oedipus for help. Oedipus replies that he has already sent the Queen’s brother (Creon) to the Oracle at Delphi for advise. Once again, great faith in the gods and the Oracle is demonstrated, and the Oracle is consulted in order to consult with the gods themselves; such incidents as natural disasters and plagues were undoubtedly initiated by one of the gods whom has been displeased, and only the Oracle had the authority to dispense with the remedy for the situation. Also, Thebes reasserts itself as a city of major importance, politically, being the very city that rejected Dionysus.            Chreon returns to report that the Oracle at Delphi says that when the murderer of Laius is captured and expelled, the plague will end.            Oedipus sets out immediately to discover who murdered the King of Thebes, and imagine his horror when he finds out from a local prophet that it was he who had slain the king at the crossroads where the attack had occurred. The only survivor of the attack, a Shepard, is then interrogated; Oedipus still wants to deny that he himself was King Laius’ murderer and Jocasta supports him by ridiculing prophecy and such fanciful thought.            The climax of the play occurs when the Shepard reveals that long ago he had taken a baby from the King and Queen of Thebes and passed it on to a Shepard of Corinth; the baby’s mother had wanted it murdered because of a prophecy that it would kill its parents. The coin drops for Oedipus:            â€Å"Ah me! ah me! all brought to pass, all true! O light, may I behold thee nevermore! I stand a wretch, in birth, in wedlock cursed, A parricide, incestuously, triply cursed!†(trans. F. Storr, 1912).            Oedipus later finds Jocasta inside the palace, dead from hanging herself. Oedipus immediately blinds himself and begs to be exiled. Once again we have Thebes expelling a man of prominence, but this time by the man’s request. Where Dionysus had been twice born, Oedipus had been twice expelled from Thebes.            The plays depicted above are three great tragedies and hopefully it is clear that the myths and religious overtones occupying the minds and hearts of the Hellenistic Greeks have been demonstrated here to have a recurring theme.            We will now turn to a play of comedy that also has its own flavor yet displays the loyalty to the gods and abides by the principles of Greek society. As a departure from the woes of rejected gods and men, Arisophanes provides the audience with laughter as he resurrects Euripides and Aeschylus, thus acknowledging their greatness and praising Dionysus at the same time as the god of theater.            Binding together the power of Dionysus while poking fun at the god of wine and revelry, Aristophanes writes a slapstick style play in The Frogs. This play has it all; gods, arguments, parody and politics, plus it contains references to the mythological hero Heracles, Charon (the ferryman at the river Styx), and a few Olympians plus the Nine Muses.            Even today, this play is extremely funny for those who are familiar with Greek mythology and would be enjoyed even by those who are not, if acted well.            In The Frogs, Dionysus is tired of the absence of the absence of meaty dramas in theater and feels that this is a reflection on his honor. He decides to travel to Hades to fetch Euripides and bring him back to Earth. His servant Xanthias accompanies Dionysus.            In order to â€Å"blend in†in the underworld, Dionysus dresses as Heracles and consults Heracles for advice and directions before setting off. Once in the underworld, Dionysus is assaulted by the inhabitants seeking revenge for things Heracles had done during one of his journeys to Hades, and Dionysus begs Xanthias to change costumes. No sooner is this done, Persephone (daughter of Demeter and Queen of Hades) invites Heracles to a banquet. Dionysus insists on donning the lion skins again in order that he may attend the banquet, but as soon as he changes, angry people assault him once again. He is finally so afraid he reveals who he really is (reminiscent of revealing himself to Thebes in The Bacchae).            Once it is known throughout Hades that Dionysus is present there, an argument breaks out between Euripides and Aeschylus over who is the better playwright. Insults are traded as thus:            EURIPIDES Don’t talk to me; I won’t give up the chair, I say I am better in the art than he. DIONYSUS You hear him, Aeschylus: why don’t you speak? EURIPIDES He’ll do the grand at first, the juggling trick He used to play in all his tragedies. DIONYSUS Come, my fine fellow, pray don’t talk to big. EURIPIDES I know the man, I’ve scanned him through and through, A savage-creating stubborn-pulling fellow, Uncurbed, unfettered, uncontrolled of speech, Unperiphrastic, bombastiloquent. AESCHYLUS Hah! sayest thou so, child of the garden quean And this to me, thou chattery-babble-collector, Thou pauper-creating rags-and-patches-stitcher? Thou shalt abye it dearly! DIONYSUS Pray, be still; Nor heat thy soul to fury, Aeschylus. AESCHYLUS Not till I’ve made you see the sort of man This cripple-maker is who crows so loudly. DIONYSUS Bring out a ewe, a black-fleeced ewe, my boys: Here’s a typhoon about to burst upon us. AESCHYLUS Thou picker-up of Cretan monodies, Foisting thy tales of incest on the stage- (Internet Classics Archives, 1994 – 2000).            In the end, a trial is conducted to see who the King Of Tragedy really is; it is decided to weigh the writings to see whose was heaviest. Aeschylus turned out to have the meatier scripts, so Dionysus took him to Earth instead of Euripides, even though in truth Euripides was regarded the better of the two at the time (Alice Fort, Herbert Kates, 1935).            In both comedy and tragedy, the ties to the gods and the themes of conflict, murder, revenge and long-suffering are present in Hellenistic plays. The ancient Greek society was rich in imagination and devout in its worship of the gods; eventually the Greek culture would spread throughout the Persian Empire and rule until the Roman conquest.            In conclusion and to display a part of the beauty of devotion to the gods, an excerpt from Callimachus’ Hymn to Artemis, which expresses the reverence typical of the Greek attitude toward their gods:            â€Å"Lady, may my true friends and I be among those, Queen, and may I always care about song. I will sing Leto’s wedlock, Apollo, and always Artemis: your labors, dogs, archery, and chariot that lifts you lightly-behold-on your way to Zeus’s heavenly abode†(Callimachus, Jean Alvares 1998). References Aristophanes. â€Å"The Frogs.†The Internet Classics Archives, MIT. 1994 – 2000, 18 December 2005. http://classics.mit.edu/Aristophanes/frogs.html Bates, Alfred (ed.). â€Å"PROMETHEUS BOUND: A summary and analysis of the play by Aeschylus.†The Drama: Its History, Literature and Influence on Civilization, vol. 1. London: Historical Publishing Company, 1906. pp. 70-78. Callimachus. â€Å"Hymn III: To Aretemis.†Montclair State University, Jean Alvares. 1998 – 2003, 18 December 2005. http://www.chss.montclair.edu/classics/HYMNART.HTML Gross ,Rachel and Grote ,Dale. â€Å"Dionysus.†Encyclopedia Mythica. 1995 – 2004, 16 December 2002. http://www.pantheon.org/articles/d/dionysus.html Storr, F (trans.). â€Å"Oedipus the King.†Harvard University Press, Cambridge, MA and William Heinemann Ltd, London. 1912, 17 December 2005. http://www.online-literature.com/view.php/oedipus/1?term=king%20oedipus
Friday, January 10, 2020
Relationship Between Art and Religion Essay
Humans have since the very earliest time of their existence questioned various fundamental facts about their existence and the world around them. They have tried to answer the mysteries of life such as how they came into existence and what happens after their death. These questions they discovered could be only answered through religion and science. Religion went about explaining that all things were there because of some greater spiritual being which brought everything and everyone into existence. Religion especially during ancient times put God as the master creator of all things and beings, having created men on all other creations. The average person doesn’t usually think of art as something that influences religion yet in true facts art helps us visualize our beliefs since as humans we at times find it easier to believe that which we see. Even in the Bible we find that humans have made sculptures, statues and paintings of their god in order for them to have something that reminds them of that greater force and act as intermediaries between them as moral beings and God as a divine spiritual being. For example Early Christians used the fish as a symbol of God which is now replaced by the symbol of the cross; Ancient Egyptians who worshipped numerous god’s used a falcons head as a symbol of their sun god Ra, and Muslims with the symbol of a moon and star. In Ancient Greece it was customary for artists to represent the Olympian deities in perfectly-modelled men or women because they believed that the god’s were somewhat like humans but in perfect form and that they were immortal. Art helped (and still does) people visualize all that their religion was implementing so that they could understand, believe and have faith. It was also important because many people where illiterate and so through paintings and sculpt stories painted on the walls of churches, the word of God could be delivered to them as well. Art is still visible on many religious buildings for example the paintings found on the inside and outside of walls of churches illustrates a story from, in the case of Christians, the Holy Bible. Some examples of such would be the cathedral in Rome and that of Milan which are both of extraordinary aesthetic beauty. Art when it comes to religion is a way of spreading the word of God in a non-literal way. The beauty of art is that many people can interpret art work differently therefore a religious art piece can be inspiring and motivational to my life as well as to another in a whole different way because we would have both taken the same message but applied it to our lives in different ways. Therefore art is a language which anyone can speak, understand and interpret personally. Some worldwide renowned artists whose art was influenced by religion are Michelangelo in The Creation of Adam and The Last Judgement, Leonardo Da Vinci in Virgin of The Rocks and Tintoretto in The Crucifixion. Apart from paintings and buildings religion also influenced music in fact nowadays we have multiple praise songs in different religions. In a nut shell whilst religion has left its mark on Art, art has been a helping hand and necessity when it comes to the delivering of the word of God.
Thursday, January 2, 2020
Introduction to Chinas May Fourth Movement
The demonstrations of the May Fourth Movement (ä ºâ€Ã¥â€ºâ€ºÃ© ‹å‹•, WÇâ€sà ¬ Yà ¹ndà ²ng) marked a turning point in China’s intellectual development which can still be felt today. While the May Fourth Incident occurred on May 4, 1919, the May Fourth Movement began in 1917 when China declared war against Germany. During World War I, China supported the Allies on the condition that control over Shandong Province, the birthplace of Confucius, would be returned to China if the Allies triumphed. In 1914, Japan had seized control of Shandong from Germany and in 1915 Japan had issued 21 Demands (ä ºÅ'Ã¥ ä ¸â‚¬Ã¥â‚¬â€¹Ã¦ ¢ é …, Èr shà yÄ «gà ¨ tià ¡o xià ng) to China, backed by the threat of war. The 21 Demands included recognition of Japan’s seizure of German spheres of influence in China and other economic and extraterritorial concessions. To appease Japan, the corrupt Anfu government in Beijing signed a humiliating treaty with Japan by which China acceded to Japan’s demands. Though China was on the winning side of World War I, China’s representatives were told to sign away rights to German-controlled Shandong Province to Japan at the Treaty of Versailles, an unprecedented and embarrassing diplomatic defeat. The dispute over Article 156 of the 1919 Treaty of Versailles became known as the Shandong Problem (Ã¥ ± ±Ã¦ ±Ã¥â€¢ é ¡Å', ShÄ ndÃ… ng Wà ¨ntà ). The event was embarrassing because it was revealed at Versailles that secret treaties had been previously signed by the great European powers and Japan to entice Japan to enter World War I. Moreover, it was brought to light that China had also agreed to this arrangement. Wellington Kuo (é ¡ §Ã§ ¶ 鈞), China’s ambassador to Paris, refused to sign the treaty. The transfer of German rights in Shandong to Japan at the Versailles Peace Conference created anger among the Chinese public. The Chinese viewed the transfer as a betrayal by the Western powers and also as a symbol of Japanese aggression and of the weakness of the corrupt warlord government of Yuan Shi-kai (è ¢ ä ¸â€"å‡ ±). Infuriated by China’s humiliation at Versailles, college students in Beijing held a demonstration on May 4, 1919. What was the May Fourth Movement? At 1:30 p.m. on Sunday, May 4, 1919, approximately 3,000 students from 13 Beijing universities assembled at the Gate of Heavenly Peace at Tiananmen Square to protest against the Versailles Peace Conference. The demonstrators distributed fliers declaring that the Chinese would not accept the concession of Chinese territory to Japan. The group marched to the legation quarter, the location of foreign embassies in Beijing, The student protestors presented letters to foreign ministers. In the afternoon, the group confronted three Chinese cabinet officials who had been responsible for the secret treaties that encouraged Japan to enter the war. The Chinese minister to Japan was beaten and a pro-Japanese cabinet minister’s house was set on fire. The police attacked the protestors and arrested 32 students. News of the students’ demonstration and arrest spread throughout China. The press demanded the students’ release and similar demonstrations sprung up in Fuzhou. Guangzhou, Nanjing, Shanghai, Tianjin, and Wuhan. Shop closings in June 1919 exacerbated the situation and led to a boycott of Japanese goods and clashes with Japanese residents. Recently-formed labor unions also staged strikes. The protests, shop closings, and strikes continued until the Chinese government agreed to release the students and fire the three cabinet officials. The demonstrations led to a full resignation by the cabinet and the Chinese delegation at Versailles refused to sign the peace treaty. The issue of who would control Shandong Province was settled at the Washington Conference in 1922 when Japan withdrew its claim to Shandong Province. The May Fourth Movement in Modern Chinese History While student protests are more common today, the May Fourth Movement was led by intellectuals who introduced new cultural ideas including science, democracy, patriotism, and anti-imperialism to the masses. In 1919, communication was not as advanced as today, so efforts to mobilize the masses focused on pamphlets, magazine articles, and literature written by intellectuals. Many of these intellectuals had studied in Japan and returned to China. The writings encouraged a social revolution and challenged traditional Confucian values of familial bonds and deference to authority. The writers also encouraged self-expression and sexual freedom. The period of 1917-1921 is also referred to as the New Culture Movement (æâ€" °Ã¦â€"‡åÅ'â€"é ‹å‹•, XÄ «n Wà ©nhuà Yà ¹ndà ²ng). What started as a cultural movement after the failure of the Chinese Republic turned political after the Paris Peace Conference, which gave German rights over Shandong to Japan. The May Fourth Movement marked an intellectual turning point in China. Collectively, the goal of scholars and students was to rid the Chinese culture of those elements which they believed had led to China’s stagnation and weakness and to create new values for a new, modern China.
Wednesday, December 25, 2019
The True Story About Research Essay on Research Topics That the Experts Dont Want You to Know
The True Story About Research Essay on Research Topics That the Experts Don't Want You to Know Determine the field which you find exciting. Defining the area and unsettled questions will offer you a thought of what things to begin with and how to work on research. After a couple weeks of research, it seems that there isn't anything researchable left on topics. Writing a research paper even though may appear challenging is a considerable portion of routine student life. Selecting a topic for a research paper is not simple whatsoever. To begin with, you have to comprehend what distinguishes informative essays from some other kinds of academic papers. You must understand completely that you're not writing a descriptive essay. These steps and tips will allow you to choose decent research paper topics. What follows is an extensive collection of the most fascinating research topics to have you started. Luckily, there are tons of great places to locate inspiration and the subse quent list contains only a few suggestions to help get you started. When you get the prompt, attempt to correct the academic format with the aid of numerous free online writing guides. Keep on reading to discover ideas for a few of the most common global small business research topic tips that you can use and make your very own, distinctive and productive research paper. Now you have a great idea of the way to hunt for college research paper topics, you are prepared for some suggestions. Chancing upon a topic for your study can be hard, but there are many great approaches to think of intriguing ideas. You can proceed and divide the research into phrases to check at every aspect keenly. The Little-Known Secrets to Research Essay on Research Topics You must be certain to understand everything clearly once you go for an essay topic. When you choose a research topic, make certain it is one which you understand and have a firm grasp on. A great paper topic ought to be interesting and ought to incorporate an original idea or position try to prevent cliche topics which will likely bore your reader. Not all research paper topics are made equal, and you would like t o be certain you opt for a terrific topic before you commence writing. For some students, a collection of topic is the easiest part. In case the topic is too locally confined, it is going to be difficult to research. If it is too narrow, you might find it hard to find the relevant literature. Quite frequently, the very best topic is one which you truly care about, but you also will need to get ready to research it. Get the Scoop on Research Essay on Research Topics Before You're Too Late You must look through endless pages of several diverse sources to provide your idea to the world. In light of the aforementioned, let's consider some intriguing research paper topics and suggestions for your research paper. Even if you're a specialist in a particular field, don't be afraid to use and cite external sources. The highlighted tips are certain to supply you with an excellent research topic and paper. Women's health issues topics offer you an assortment of research subjects. There are several social problems in the life span of modern United States citizens. The issues also have issues that exist around the world regarding gender. Researching any issue about government or laws may get overwhelming because of the intricacy of the issues and even on account of the wording of some laws. Life After Research Essay on Research Topics If you have to write only 1 paper at the conclusion of the period, you can breathe out as you are blessed. Locating a solid topic is just one of the most essential steps when writing any sort of paper. Your task here is to seek out a subject or issue that may be researched, meaning it isn't too broad or too narrow. If you still feel you need help, even if you 've managed to decide on a topic, you may always seek the services of a custom writing service to assist you produce a fabulous research paper of which you'll be proud and will guarantee you a nice mark. Hearsay, Lies and Research Essay on Research Topics On the flip side, you might write from a worldwide perspective and examine sustainable cities around the world. Naturally, the area of business is quite wide. Even if a particular research paper topic is getting lots of buzz at the moment or other individuals seem interested in writing about it, don't feel tempted to make it your topic if you don't genuinely have some type of interest in it also. If you're allowed to freely choose what things to write all on your own, utilize the chance to make something unique.
Tuesday, December 17, 2019
The Black Timber Is Dark And Silent, Not A Sound - 1290 Words
The black timber is dark and silent, not a sound to be heard. The terrain is brutal, almost straight up and down; therefore, the elk love it due to the challenge hunters have of finding them. As a hunter walks out of the black timber and onto the next ridge, a few trees and sagebrush fill the mountainside. The terrain is gradual, the exact opposite of black timber. Wind howls as it comes across the mountainside, for there is nothing to block it. Monster mule deer graze on the horizon as bighorn sheep bed down on some rocks; looking out for any situation that may arise. Hunting in the Rockies is different, for there is a wide variety of people but can all be classified into three different categories: The Roadhunter, The Average Joe, and†¦show more content†¦Hearing his favorite excuses: â€Å"I get short of breath too easy,†â€Å"I’d never be able to walk that far,†or â€Å"I’d be lost if I went up there,†is hilarious. Their most famous one is â€Å"why would somebody actually walk off the road and climb up the hillside, when somebody can just drive around all day and still see animals.†The Roadhunter never scouts the area before season and does not know what is beyond the first ridge. The binoculars and rangefinder rest on the dash where they await to be used for looking at the vast mountain side. No matter how cold or hot it is, all the windows are rolled down, allowing for a true view of the terrain. A few years while hunting in Colorado, my dad and uncle were chasing a herd of elk they spotted on the hillside. As they approached the elk and knelt into shooting position, two shots were fired over their heads. My dad and uncle ran to the nearest boulder and took cover. When they finally stepped out from the rock, the elk were gone. There was no hope in finding the elk again, so they just went back to the truck. A few hours later they met a roadhunter who was dragging out a mule deer, so they stopped to ta lk to him. During the conversation, the roadhunter showed us where he shot, and it was right on the other side of where my dad and uncle were chasing the elk. Come to find out, the elk were scared away by the roadhunter shooting at the mule deer from the road. Most of the hunters are classified as Mr. Get ‘er Done, or
Monday, December 9, 2019
Elucidating Challenges Account Corporations -Myassignmenthelp.Com
Questions: Which Issues Are Being Faced By The Multinational Organizations Related To The Accounting Aspect While Performing The Business Operations At The Global Level? Which Accounting Policies Can Be Adopted By The Multinational Organizations For Coping With These Issues? What Are The Impacts Of These Issues Related To Accounting On The Multinational Organizations And Their Performance? Answers: Introduction Multinational organizations are operating at the global level and for the effective execution of the operations, it is vital to comply with the accounting and tax system. This will help in resolving the issues or disputes faced by the organizations in a better manner. Different issues are being faced by the multinational organizations which are creating an impact on the operations of the business (Mann, 2012). These issues include ambiguous, inconsistency and ever-changing taxation rules. An effective tax and accounting system has to be adopted by the organizations so as to recover from the downturn, operating in the global market, coping with the foreign tax regulations at the local and global level and coping with the issues of budget deficits (McKinley Owsley, 2013). This research will focus on the accounting issues which are affecting the performance of multinational organizations by focusing on Apple Inc. Project Objective Objectives are formulated with a motive to form a base for the data collection process. Objectives help in guiding the researcher towards the right direction. The objective of this research program is to analyze the issues related to the accounting aspect of the multinational organization during the execution of the business operations at international level. Another objective is to analyze the accounting policies which can be adopted by the multinational organizations for coping with the issues. Project Scope The focus of this research program will be on the various accounting standards adopted by Apple Inc. and issues which are being faced by the company during the launch of its products in the external market. Different accounting regulations will be covered in this research program which is being adopted for the management of internal environment by the organization. It will focus on the issues and policies available for solving the issues faced by the multinational organizations. Literature Review In the words of Freedman (2011), accounting is an important aspect which includes a recording of the transactions executed by the organization and keeping the records of the transactions. It is essential for the organizations operating at an international level to consider the tax jurisdiction for complying with rules and regulations. There is a need to comply with the changing taxation rules and regulations (Kravitz, 2016). It has been recommended to the organizations to enroll in the international operations by meeting the tax laws of the land. Different principles need to be adopted by the company so as to match up with the tax rules and regulations (Lipin, 2011). Another issue which is being faced by the organizations at international level is revenue recognition. Revenue is an important element for the financial statements (Gornik-Tomaszewski Showerman, 2010). Revenue recognition is considered as an important accounting policy which determines when to recognize the revenue generated from the sale of the products of the company (Norton, 2011). Research Design and Methodology Different methods are present which can be adopted by the researcher for the purpose of conducting the research program by collecting quality data. Analysis has been done of the various methods available for the selection of the most suitable and appropriate methods for the completion of the research and attaining the objectives defined. In this research program, the focus is on a collection of the data regarding the issues related to the accounting which are being faced by the organizations while execution of the operations of the business at the global level. There are various accounting policies used by the multinational organizations for overcoming these issues. Data regarding these aspects will be assembled with the use of the selected methods of data collection. Research design: analysis has been done of qualitative and quantitative research method so as to select the most appropriate method for data collection. Qualitative research method has been preferred for this research program. Qualitative research methods use semi-structured or unstructured methods for the collection of the data regarding the aspect (Kielmann, et. al., 2012). The reason behind the selection of this method is the data provided by the qualitative research method regarding the issue, aspect or the trend (Acaps, 2012). The better analysis will be done of the issues faced by the multinational organizations regarding the accounting aspect while managing the business operations. This research method will help in assembling quality data regarding the accounting issues faced by the Multinational organizations. Research approach: qualitative approach has been chosen for this research program among the various alternatives available. The motive behind the selection of this approach is a collection of the relevant data for the research project. Primary and secondary sources are applied to the assembling of the required data. This approach ensures the quality of the data as well as contributes to the reliability and authenticity of the data. Data collection: collecting the required data is an essential aspect of every research as it determines the quality of the research work carried out by the researcher. Primary and secondary sources have been chosen from the list of available methods for data collection. Primary data is the raw data which gets assembled specifically for the research program by the researcher directly from the respondents. This information is first-hand data as it is collected directly from the respondents (Thomas, 2015). Secondary data is the second-hand data which gets assembled from the work of other researchers from internet or newspapers (Johnston, 2014). When the discussion is made regarding the reliability, secondary data is considered over the primary data (Turkenburg McAuley, 2013). Sampling method: after analysis of the different sampling methods, random sampling has been chosen. Random sampling technique is an approach in which selection of the sample is done on a random basis which eliminates the selection of the samples on the biased basis (Banerjee, 2012). Samples get selected by providing equal opportunity of getting selected for the analysis and evaluation process (Alvi, 2016). Research strategy: for the completion of the research program in a successful manner, there is a need to adopt a strategy which will ensure the completion of the research by covering every aspect. A sequential strategy is an effective approach for ensuring the completion of research in a pre-defined order. This will cover every activity one after one for the attainment of the objectives. Targeted market: this term can be defined as the place from where data regarding the research program is to be assembled. Research data has to be gathered by targeting the market from where data has to be accumulated. Primary data will be accumulated with the help of a questionnaire to the employees working in the accounts department of the multinational organizations. Secondary data will be accumulated from the internet sources such as journals, websites, notifications, and articles. Timeframe: an action plan has been prepared with an objective to define the time period in which every activity of the research has to be completed. This timeframe will serve as a blueprint for every activity of the research. Ethical considerations: ethics helps in guiding the individual towards the right or wrong. While conducting the research program, focus of the researcher should be on conducting the research in a fair manner. For this research project, few ethical aspects have been taken into consideration. These ethical aspects are confidentiality, unbiasedness or fairness and integrity. Research Limitations Research limitations can be defined as the hurdles or issues which affects the execution process of the research program. Identification of the research limitations needs to be done in an effective manner as these limitations create an impact on the successful completion of the research program. Different approaches are being used by the researchers for overcoming these limitations and elimination of the impact of these limitations on the research program. Quality of the research may get affected due to the presence of the research limitations. Research limitations identified during the execution process of this research project are lack of availability of resources, insufficient time period and lack of right to access the data. Time Schedule (Research Plan) Sequence Activities Date of initiation Duration (ways) Date of completion A) Selection of the research topic 24 January 2018 1 24 January 2018 B) Formulating plans for framing a base for the research 25 January 2018 5 29 January 2018 C) Execution of the plans framed 30 January 2018 7 05 February 2018 D) Selection of methods for assembling of the data 06 February 2018 1 06 February 2018 E) Using selected methods for data collection 07 February 2018 6 12 February 2018 F) Analysis and evaluation 13 February 2018 3 15 February 2018 G) Conclusion and recommendations 16 February 2018 1 16 February 2018 Conclusion From the above discussion, it can be stated that numerous challenges are being faced by Apple Inc. while the recording of the transactions and managing accounting functions. These challenges or issues include uncertain tax positions and revenue recognition. These issues or challenges are creating an adverse impact on the performance of the organization. Organizations faces issues in the identification, measurement, evaluation, and reporting of the uncertain tax positions. These issues are faced regarding the uncertain tax position is due to the analysis of the new, existing and changing tax positions. Revenue recognition is one of the most important accounting policies for an organization. The point-of-sale approach has been selected by Apple for recognizing the revenue just after the sale of the hardware products. References Acaps, 2012, Qualitative and Quantitative Research Techniques for Humanitarian Needs Assessment, Acaps. Alvi, M., 2016, A Manual for Selecting Sampling Techniques in Research, MPRA. Banerjee, M., 2012, Simple Random Sampling, University of Michigan. Davis, B., 2018, The Multinational Corporation and Globalization, Slideplayer. Accessed on: 25 January 2018. Available at: https://slideplayer.com/slide/6202217/ Freedman, J., 2011, Responsive regulation, risk, and rules: applying the theory to tax practice,University of British Columbia Law Review, Vol. 44(3), p.627. Gornik-Tomaszewski, S. Showerman, S., 2010, IFRS in the United States: Challenges and Opportunities,Review of Business, Vol. 30(2), pp.5971. Johnston, M. P., 2014, Secondary Data Analysis: A Method of which the Time Has Come, Qualitative and Quantitative Methods in Libraries (QQML), 3:619 626. Kielmann, K., Cataldo, F. Seeley, J., 2012, Introduction to Qualitative Research Methodology: A Training Manual, DFID. Accessed on: 25 January 2018. Available at: https://www.rbfhealth.org/sites/rbf/files/Introduction%20to%20Qualitative%20Research%20Methodology%20-%20A%20Training%20Manual.pdf Kravitz, R., 2016, Serving Two Masters: A Challenge for the Profession and Planners,The CPA Journal, Vol. 86(9), pp.6162. Lipin, I. A., 2011, Uncertain tax positions and the new tax policy of disclosure through the schedule UTP,Virginia Tax Review, Vol. 30(4), pp.663713. Mann, R., 2012, Chief Counsel's subtle impact on revenue: regulations, litigation, and administrative guidance,National Tax Journal, Vol. 65(4), pp.889898. McKinley, J. Owsley, J., 2013, Transfer pricing and its effect on financial reporting: multinational companies face high-risk tax accounting,Journal of Accountancy, Vol. 216(4), p.50. Norton, B., 2011, Hyper-Regulation Leaves No Place to Hide,Financial Executive, vol. 27(1), pp.4044. Taborn, H., 2018, Welcome to Apple: Group 8, Slideplayer. Accessed on: 25 January 2018. Available at: https://slideplayer.com/slide/2912183/ Thomas, J. A., 2015, Using unstructured diaries for primary data collection, Nurse researcher, vol. 22, no. 5, pp. 25. Turkenburg, J. P. McAuley, K. E., 2013, Data collection and processing,Acta Crystallographica Section D, Vol. 69(7), pp. 1193-1194.
Sunday, December 1, 2019
MGT 509- Human Resources Management-Mod 3 SLP Essay Example
MGT 509- Human Resources Management-Mod 3 SLP Essay Human Resources Management Name: Course: Lecturer: We will write a custom essay sample on MGT 509- Human Resources Management-Mod 3 SLP specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on MGT 509- Human Resources Management-Mod 3 SLP specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on MGT 509- Human Resources Management-Mod 3 SLP specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Institution: Date: Human Resources Management What are your scores, and how do they relate to the average scores of men and women overall, in your country, and in the other countries? My scores are ranked in the following manner; the hostile sexism score is 3.45 and the benevolent sexism score is 3.36. They are somehow related to the average scores of men and women who have taken the record of scores from a cross-cultural perception. For instance, in an African country such as Nigeria, when comparing it with my country, benevolent sexism score is 3.6 and hostile sexism is 2.5. In central Asia, hostile sexism score is 3.3 and benevolent score is 3.1. In addition, a European country such as Netherlands has a hostile sexism score of 1.9 and benevolent sexism score of 2.4. Lastly, Latin America such as Spanish has a hostile sexism score of 2.5 and benevolent score of 2.2 (Glick and Fiske, 2001). What does this tell you about your own attitudes toward the roles of men and women? From my outlook basing on the score analysis above, women seem to be dominated by men especially in the workplace. The scores above indicate that some countries whereby cultural gender roles are attached especially the roles of women in the society have high scores on hostile sexism (Muratbekova-Touron, 2008). This means that women in such countries are discriminated in that they cannot perform duties that men can perform. Regardless of male dominance, men are usually dependent on women as wives and romantic collaborates something that fosters benevolent sexism. In addition, male dominance is widespread in all countries with men holding high positions in areas such as businesses, non-governmental and governmental institutions. What does this tell you about the differences in the average male and female attitudes and perceptions among the countries you selected? This tells me that the differences in the average male and female attitudes and perceptions among the countries selected above are brought about sexism. Prejudice creates an imbalance between male and female especially in working environment (Fontaine, 2007). Some countries such as Nigeria that is among the African countries have different gender roles that specifically belong to a certain group of people. This is different in the Latin American and the European country where sexism is not common thus brings about the slight difference when comparing the average score. What insights did you gain through this exercise? This exercise has helped me to gain knowledge especially on what is being required in order to avoid sexisms. It has enabled me to understand the importance of cherishing and protecting other people in the society. For instance, benevolent sexism sometimes seems to be harmless but we should be careful because it has a devastating effect on the society. In what ways do you think the inventory might be improved? The inventory or the above list should be improved through educating people on the importance of creating gender diversification across all sectors in the economy (Hickman, 2011). People should be educated to avoid sexism. In addition, there should be change in leadership restructuring to include all women in various work places as leaders. It should be invented in a way that can eliminate prejudice between male and female. Organizations should embrace uniformity across all sectors to avoid prejudice. In what ways does this relate to human resource management policies and practices? This is related to human resource management policies and practices because sexual differences have been used in various organizations to justify the position of men and women in the work place. Many male human resource managers are mostly given the high position or leadership in an organization unlike female counterparts (Shen, Chanda, Netto and Monga, 2009). The research carried out in the United States indicates that women in most societies do not enjoy the same opportunities as men. In organizations such as business entities, women are discriminated based on sex. The research indicates that the numbers for men outdo that of women in occupations such as the senior financial management or other resources management. References Fontaine, R. (2007). Cross-cultural management: six perspectives. Cross Cultural Management: an International Journal, 14, 2, 125-135. Glick, P., Fiske, S. T. (January 01, 2001). Ambivalent Sexism – III Measuring Ambivalent Sexism: The ASI. Advances in Experimental Social Psychology, 33, 123. Hickman,C. (2011). Diversity in Organizations. Retrieved on May 23, 2011 from http://ezinearticles.com/?Diversity-in-Organizationsid=166950 Muratbekova-Touron, M. (2008). From an ethnocentric to a geocentric approach to IHRM: The case of a French multinational company. Cross Cultural Management, 15, 4, 335-352. Shen, J., Chanda, A., Netto, B., Monga, M. (2009). Managing diversity through human resource management: an international perspective and conceptual framework. International Journal of Human Resource Management, 20, 2, 235-251.
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